ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 43 



larva, the octopod nymph, the adults, the hypopus-sb&ge, and the en- 

 cysted nymph. The last-named stage is a nymph ahout to be trans- 

 formed into an adult, but arrested in its development. It can remain 

 dry but alive for years. The hypopus -stage arises from a transformation 

 of a nymph ; it is a stage adapted for dispersal, not for dormancy. 



i«- Crustacea. 



Eye of Ocypoda Ceratophthalma.* — J. Dembowski finds that the 

 eye of this crab is not pseudoconic as Doflein reported, but euconic. 

 The crystalline cells lie between tbe cone and the lens. The eye has a 

 long horn, the cavity of which is filled with loose connective-tissne and 

 groups of gland-cells. No ducts or openings were to be seen. There 

 are also glands on the dorsal side of the eye itself — separated from the 

 optic portion by a hypodermic membrane. 



Maxillary Glands of Squilla.f — W. N. F. Woodland describes the 

 minnte structure of these interesting glands. To begin with, the gland 

 is a pocket of the ectoderm. Later on, it consists of two wide sacs 

 which communicate only by a narrow duct. There is the distal end-sac 

 and the proximal kidney proper. Their lumina become invaded and 

 almost obliterated by numerous invaginations. The entire exterior is 

 invested by two layers of squamous epithelium, between which lies a 

 division of the haimoccel. The inner layer only is closely applied to 

 the surface of the entire gland, and becomes involved in all the invagina- 

 tions just referred to. The mass of the gland shows (a) hgemoccelic 

 spaces, morphologically outside the gland, lined by squamous epithelium 

 which originally covered the surface, and (b) spaces bordered by the 

 gland-cells and representing all that is left of the originally wide lumen. 



The author notes that each half of the " liver " has a single duct 

 opening into the pyloric region, and that each duct opens independently. 

 There are two large rectal glands. The nauplius eye persists in the 

 adult. 



Abnormalities in Copepods.J — C. Dwight Marsh calls attention to 

 the fact that abnormal or freak structures in the genera of Cyclops and 

 Daphnia are remarkably rare. While there is great variability in the 

 species of Cyclops, unusual structures seldom occur. In Dinptomus, 

 which shows hardly any variability within species limits, freak organs 

 are still more rare. The author puts on record a few abnormalities in 

 Cyclops and Biaptomus which he has come across in the course of his 

 systematic work on Copepods. 



Development of Cypris incongruens.§ — Kurt Muller-Cale gives an 

 account of the early development. The centrosomes of the oocyte 

 nucleus persist, but do not share in the directive division. They come 

 into activity again in the first cleavage. The polar bodies are very 

 vigorous and divide mitotically once or of tener. At the fourth cleavage 



* Zool. Jahrb., xxxvi. (1913) pp. 513-24 (1 pi.). | 



t Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., lix. (1913) pp. 401-30 (1 pi. and 9 figs.). 



X Trans. Wisconsin Acad., xvii. (1911) pp. 195-6 (1 pi.). 



§ Zool. Jahrb., xxxvi. (1913) pp. 113-70 (6 pis. and 25 figs.). 



