ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 167 



grass blade. At the same time the greater part of the fungus disappears. 

 At last the larva attacks the grass itself. 



Development of Wings in a Caddis-fly.* — W. S. Marshall has 

 studied the development of the wings in Platyphylax designates Walk. 

 The wing-rudiments of Platyphylax appear in the larva soon after hatch- 

 ing, probably in the second instar, and are noticed as small disk-like 

 thickenings of the hypodermis, lying each under a small dark marking 

 of the cuticular layer. Each disk invaginates, and, insinking below the 

 surface, forms a peripodial cavity which communicates with the outside 

 by a peripodial pore. The disk is at first circular, but soon elongates 

 and then lies obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the body of the larva. 

 The cuticular layer just over the rudiment differs from the surrounding 

 part in being darker, and free from small setse. The cuticular layer is 

 secreted at all stages by the cells of the rudiment. The disk evaginates 

 and soon grows so large that a folding of the rudiment within the peri- 

 podial cavity is necessary. The peripodial pore becomes a long narrow 

 slit, through which the wing rudiment leaves the peripodial cavity and 

 becomes external. While still within the peripodial cavity dark markings 

 appear on each rudiment ; these form alternating light and dark areas 

 upon the wing; ; the former become the wing veins, and the latter the 

 areas between them. Trachea? do not enter the developing wings until 

 they have become external, and the wing veins have been formed. The 

 wings become external soon after the larva has closed its case for pupa- 

 tion. Each wing rudiment is situated under the dorsal plate a little 

 above its lateral margin. 



Eyes of Termites.f — Kurt von Eosen finds that in the youngest 

 larvas of Termites the primordia of the eyes are all alike. This changes 

 as the larvse differentiate into big-headed and small-headed forms— 

 apparently in response to different nurture. In the big-headed forms 

 the development of the eye soon stops. In the lowest Termites, the 

 workers and soldiers have complex eyes, and this is probably primitive. 

 Many degrees of rudimentariness occur. In the sexual forms the eyes 

 and the optic ganglia soon degenerate. The various conditions of the 

 eyes in different types and in different castes are discussed. 



Spermatophores of Gryllidae and Locustidae.J — Ulrich Gerhard t 

 describes the various kinds of spermatophores — simple and compound — 

 which are formed in Locustidse and Gryllidse. The spermatophore is 

 always fastened by a longer or shorter hollow stalk in the vulva of the 

 female, and the spermatozoa pass from the reservoir or reservoirs of the 

 spermatophore into the receptaculum seminis of the female. In all 

 Locustidas, but not in GryllicUe, the reservoir portion is surrounded by 

 a large envelope formed from the accessory glands. This is almost 

 always eaten by the female after the pairing is accomplished. The most 

 primitive spermatophores and mode of pairing may be found probably 

 in the Locustid family Stenopelinatidre. 



* Zeitschr. wiss. "Zool., cv. (1913) pp. 574-97 (3 pis. and 6 figs.). 

 t Zool. Jahrb., xxxv. (1913) pp. 625-64 (3 pis. and 10 figs.). 

 t Zool. Jahrb., xxxv. (1913) pp. 415-532 (2 pis. and 22 figs.). 



