ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 277 



Grimmiacese.* — L. Loeske publishes the first part of a large work 

 on the mosses of Europe, which will treat of the subject, family by 

 family, and is being prepared by a number of leading bryologists. The 

 mosses are considered from a systematic standpoint, special attention 

 being given to the influence of environment upon form. The importance 

 of studying the morphology as much as the anatomy, and the oophyte 

 as much as the sporophyte, are principles in the preparation of the work. 

 It is hoped that a profound study of the plants in the field will eliminate 

 many of the false determinations made in the past upon a study of 

 dried plants only. Keys to the species and varieties are given, and 

 numerous figures in which the morphology and microscopic structure of 

 the plants is made clear. The present part is concerned with the 

 Grimrniaceas. 



Moss-galls. j — I. Familler describes some new galls caused by an 

 Anguillula in mosses, and the deformation of leaves and leaf-structure 

 in the species affected, especially Playiotheclum d&nticulatum and Thuidium 

 abietinum. 



Influence of Water on Alicularia.J — A. J. M. Garjeanne has 

 studied the effect, of immersion in water on the tissues of Alicnlaria 

 scalaris. He finds that for a few days the condition is not harmful to 

 the plant ; but after that phenomena of regeneration take place and 

 the new growths are not normal. This is shown in (1) a swelling of 

 the chlorophyll grains ; (2) changes of the thickenings in the cell wall, 

 and of the oil bodies ; (3) degeneration of the living cell-contents ; 

 (4) regenerative phenomena ; (5) Abnormal leaf forms, deformities of 

 antheridia, formation of numerous mucilage cells on the amphigastria. 

 These changes are described in detail. 



o 



Exotic Mosses. § — G. Eoth publishes a second supplement to his 

 Aussereuropaische Laubmoose, giving descriptions and figures of species 

 in the following genera : — Archidium (1), Bruchia (1), Pleuridium (2), 

 Astomum (2), Acaulon, (3), Ephemerum (1), Physcomitrella (1). 



West Indian Mosses. || — E. G. Britton publishes lists of West 

 Indian mosses known to Linnaeus (2) and Swartz (-44), with the original 

 and modern names, synonyms, citations, distribution ? and critical notes. 

 Hyp num. trichophyllum Sw., which has been placed in six different genera, 

 but not satisfactorily, is here referred to Clastobryum (family Entodon- 

 tacese), and its peculiarities of structure are described and figured. 



Central American Mosses.lf — E. G. Britton and R. S. Williams 

 publish a list of 54 mosses of Guatemala and Costa Rica, including a 

 new species and also a new genus, Isodrepanium, created for the recep- 



* Die Laubmoose Europas. I. Grimmiacese. Berlin-Schoneberg : Max Lande 

 (1913) 207 pp. (66 figs.). f Hedwigia, liv. (1914) pp. 264-66 (figs). 



% Bern. Bot. Centralbl., xxxi. (1914) pp. 410-19 (2 pis.). 

 § Hedwigia, liv. (1914) pp. 267-74 (1 pi ). 

 || Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xl. (1913) pp. 653-76 (1 pi.). 

 i Torreya, xiv. (1914) pp. 24-31 (1 fig.). 



