ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 373 



tion grow quickly, fill up the young cytsocarp cavity, and become 

 mucilaginous and dissolve. The nuclei of these cells are haploid with 

 twenty chromosomes. The work of the sterile cells is probably to form 

 room for the young gonimoblast, and then to protect it by the formation 

 of mucilage. The gonimoblast has nuclei with forty chromosomes, 

 which is therefore the same number as the chromosomes of the carpo- 

 spores. They are consequently diploid. The same number of chromo- 

 somes has been demonstrated before by the author in the somatic nuclei 

 of the tetraspore-plant, and he therefore infers from cytological reasons 

 that tetraspore-individuals arise from the carpospores. The view con- 

 cerning alternation of generations in D. sanguin&a already arrived at by 

 the author, which agrees with the theory set forth by Yamanouchi for 

 Polysipkonia, thus finds further confirmation as a result of a complete 

 examination of the entire developmental cycle. 



Marine Algae.*— A. Mazza continues his critical notes on the species 

 of Grateloupia, and gives descriptions of the morphology and finer struc- 

 ture of five typical species. 



Fungi. 



(By A. Lorrain Smith, P.L.S.) 



Study of Nectriella.t — Josef Weese discusses the place and the 

 limitation of this genus. He recognizes as belonging to it species with 

 perithecia sunk at first in the tissue and then emergent and with two- 

 celled spores. It thus includes the forms placed by Saccardo in Gharo- 

 nectria. Weese then proceeds to give detailed descriptions and micro- 

 scopic characters of the species that show the above characters, with a 

 discussion of the synonymy and of allied forms or of species that have 

 been confused with them. He contrasts, for instance, Nectriella luteola 

 with Nectria graminicola. Recent discoveries have proved that the 

 latter is the perfect fruiting stage of Fusarium nivale, a destructive 

 parasite of winter wheat and rye. Some Nectrise that are parasitic on 

 Peltigera comma are discussed and compared, with which is associated the 

 conidial form genus lllosporium. Weese has established and described 

 very fully fifteen species of Nectriella. 



New Endomycete.}— P. 0. van der Wolk has studied the disease of 

 " yellow-grains " in rice, and he succeeding in isolating a fungus which 

 he has determined as Protascus color wis g. et sp" n. It has the 

 property of changing the grains to a yellow, orange, or brown colour. 

 The fungus forms globose asci containing two to many irregularly 

 shaped brown spores, which are either one septate or many celled. No 

 sexual fertilization was observed. Wolk was successful in reinfecting- 



* Nuova Notarisia, xxv. (1914) pp. 57-77. 

 t Ann. Mycol., xii. (1914) pp. 128-57 (figs.). 



t Mycol. Centralbl., Hi. (1913) pp. 153-7 ! 1 pi.). See also Bot. Centralbl., cxxv. 

 (1914) pp. 564-5. 



