456 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



shaped granules surrounded by vesicles, and plastosornes in the form of 

 granules, rodlets, and chains of granules ; (3) the medium sized oocytes, 

 with still larger nucleus, with more numerous granules or vesicles accu- 

 mulating at the attachment pole of the ovum, and a large number of 

 plastosornes, mostly rod-like ; and (4) the large oocytes, which lie freely 

 between the genital lamellae, with much yolk, minute granules at the pole, 

 and diffuse plastosornes. The author found no evidence of chromatin- 

 emission, such as Schaxel described in the ovum of Pelayia ; and the 

 demonstration of plastosornes in the oogonia is a strong argument against 

 honiologizing plastosornes with emitted chromatin. 



Development of Siphonophora.* — L. Lochmann has especially 

 studied Galeolarla aurantiaca, Diphyes sieboldii, and AbyJa pentagona, 

 and finds that there is a very striking similarity in the development 

 of Galeorinaa and Diphyopsinas. The same is probably true of the 

 third sub-family, Abylinte. 



The fertilized ovum shows total segmentation, and develops into 

 a bipolar planula. The poles are not opposite one another, the aboral 

 pole being bent at right angles. At the oral pole the primary-stem- 

 group develops ; at the aboral pole the primary bell. Between the 

 two is formed the stem, the proliferating zone of the colony. On the 

 stem there bud out the other primordia, the stem-groups which arise 

 from the primary bud, and the secondary heteromorphic bell, which 

 displaces the primary bell. 



In Monophyidae this ends the development. In Diphyidse and 

 Polyphyidas, however, the primary bud forms a further budding zone. 

 This gives rise to the " Unterglocke " and the " Ersatzglocken." In 

 short, there are two budding zones instead of the single budding zone of 

 Monophyidaa. The primary larval bell is a hydrostatic apparatus, 

 securing a favourable position for the developing larva. 



Porifera. 



Japanese Tetraxonid Sponges. f — Fr. Lebwohl gives a finely illus- 

 trated account of Japanese Sigmatophora, Astrophora metastrosa, Euas- 

 trosa, and Sterrastrosa, and describes a considerable number of new 

 species, e.g. of Tethya, Gharacella, Papyrula, Sphimtrella, Pachastrella, 

 Yodomia, Dercitus, Stelelta, Caminella, and Geodia. 



Remarkable Infusorian.^ — E. Penard describes Legendrea belle- 

 rophon sp. n., which he found along with L. loyesse Faure-Fremiet in a 

 marsh near Geneva. The new form is 120-180 /m in length, and about 

 a third as broad ; slightly compressed, especially in front ; rounded 

 behind or like a fish-tail ; covered with a delicate cuticle with a definite 

 sub-outicular layer outside of the ectoplasm ; with faint longitudinal 

 striaa ; with long very delicate cilia over the whole surface ; with a slit- 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., cviii. (1914) pp. 258-89 (1 pi. and 5 figs.), 

 t Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, xxxv. (1914) Art. 2, pp. 1-116 (9 pis.) ; Art. 5, 

 pp. 1-70 (2 pis.). 



t Rev. Suisse Zool., xxii. (1914) No. 13 pp. 407-32 (1 pi.). 



