ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY, ETC. 469 



armata, where they attain the shape and the high degree of complexity 

 of those of Ccelenteratas. He finds that they arise from pre-existing 

 cindocysts and develop at their expense. Afterwards they multiply 

 autogeuously. The cindocysts of the second degree occur thickly in 

 the cytoplasm, and without regard to the cindocysts. They are cindo- 

 plasts. The cindocyst is an element which, notwithstanding its autonomy, 

 belongs really to Polykrikos. It presents no cellular structure and 

 cannot be considered as a parasite, or part of a parasite. The structure 

 of the stages of cindogenesis and the mode of formation of the filament, 

 starting from a sort of centrosome, may be considered as a modified 

 kineto-flagellate apparatus. 



Structure of Certain Parasitic Dinofiagellates.* — E. Chatton 

 writes on the evolutive and cyclic transformations of the Peridinian 

 structure of certain parasitic Dinofiagellates. In Blastodinium, a genus 

 of parasitic Peridiniese found in the digestive tube of parasitic Copepods 

 described by Chatton, the trophocyte is constantly bienergid and polarized. 

 It represents a Peridinium which in course of its division seems to be 

 arrested at the stage of the metaphase. All its growth takes place at 

 this stage, which lasts 24 hours. The bienergid structure is retained in 

 the sporocysts of all ages, but disappears at the maturity of the spore. 

 Thus, typical Peridinieas may, under the influence of hypernutrition, 

 develop, in the course of their cycle, a complex nuclear system unknown 

 in normal forms, which resembles in certain details that of Noctiluca. 

 It is the result of a parasitic life. We have here an additional argument 

 in favour of the affinity which proves to be continually stronger between 

 these organisms an'd the Dinoflagellatae. 



Fresh-water Algse (Flagellata^.f — A. Pascher is bringing out a 

 series of sixteen volumes by himself and other botanists, on the Fresh- 

 water flora of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The first volume 

 has appeared and consists of a general introduction to the Flagellatae by 

 A. Pascher, and the detailed treatment by E. Lemmermann of the 

 Pantostoniatinae, Protomastiginas, and Distornatinae. The introduction 

 deals with the most important points of morphology, development, and 

 biology of the group, as well as methods of examination, culture, and 

 preparation. The work is no mere compilation from previous works, 

 but is a critical monograph embodying the original observations and 

 conclusions of the authors. 



iYotes on Fresh-water Alg8B.| — E. Naumann continues his notes on 

 fresh-water algas, in and iv. He describes a deep chocolate-brown 

 colouring of the water in a tank in the Botanic Gardens at Lund, 

 caused by TracheJomonas volvocina Ehrenb., with about 150,000 in- 

 dividuals to the cubic centimetre. Chrysococcus porifer Lemm. was twice 

 as numerous, and the other organisms brought the total production up 

 to about 500,000 individuals per cubic centimetre. The accuracy of 



* Comptes Rendus, clviii. (1914) pp. 192-5 (1 fig.). 



t Die Siisswasser-Flora Deutschlands. Jena : G. Fischer, 1914, Heft 1, Fla- 

 gellate, Sect. 1, 138 pp. (252 figs, in text). 



X Bot. Notiser., (Lund, 1913) pp. 249-63 ; (1914) pp. 43-7, 89-92. 



