ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICSOSCOPY, ETC. 509 



Metallography, etc. 



Oxidation of Type-metal.* — R. Meyer and S. Schuster have ex- 

 amined, microscopically and otherwise, specimens of type of various ages 

 up to seventy- five years, to ascertain the cause of the oxidation which 

 occasionally results in the comparatively rapid destruction of the type. 

 Oxidation was found to be due not to unsuitability of chemical com- 

 position, but in part to porosity, indicated by the presence of numerous 

 microscopic holes, facilitating the absorption of moisture. A 10 p.c. 

 solution of nitric acid in alcohol was used for etching. 



S. Zinbergf gives some results showing the influence of moisture 

 in promoting oxidation. 



Electrolytically-produced Alloys.} — R. Kremann, J. Lorber, and 

 R. Maas have made metallographic studies upon various binary alloys 

 electrolytically deposited from solutions containing salts of tlie two 

 metals. Copper-antimony alloys differed from copper-tin alloys in that 

 they showed a lesser tendency to form solid solutions. Iron-nickel 

 alloys deposited at high temperatures contained solid solutions, and 

 showed a concentric structure. Iron-magnesium alloys contained a 

 solid solution or compound. 



Antimony-lead-tin Alloys.§ — In the course of an exhaustive study 

 of the antimony-lead-tin bearing alloys, E. Heyn and 0. Bauer describe 

 the microstructure of numerous alloys prepared under different con- 

 ditions of casting and cooling. Segregation was observed in slowly 

 cooled but not in rapidly cooled alloys. The rapidly cooled alloys were 

 finer in structure. Crystals of tin oxide were observed in certain alloys 

 which had been heated to a high temperature. The effect of variations 

 in rate of cooling upon the structure of antimony-lead-tin alloys to 

 which 6 p.c. copper had been added is described. 



Sulphide Inclusions in Steel. || — S. Steinberg has sought to deter- 

 mine whether sulphide inclusions are present as such in liquid steel 

 (either as liquid globules or as solid particles), or are in solution in the 

 liquid steel and separate during solidification or subsequent cooling. 

 Small melts of steel containing known percentages of manganese and 

 sulphur were heated to high temperatures, were maintained for given 

 lengths of time at temperatures above the melting point, and were 

 cooled quickly or slowly, through given ranges of temperature. Sections 

 of the ingots obtained were examined microscopically. Neither the 



* Zeitschr. Angew. Chem., xxvii. (1914) pp. 121-7 (11 figs.). 

 + Zeitschr. Angew. Chem., xxvii. (1914) pp. 436-7. 



* Monatsh. Chem., xxxv. (1914) pp. 581 -601, 603-34, and 731-53, through Jouru. 

 Soc. Chem. Ind., xxxiii. (1914) pp. 752, 791-2. 



§ Verh. Ver. Beford. Gewerbfl., 1914. Suppl., 235 pp. (234 figs.), 

 jl Rev. Soc. Russ. Met., i. (1913) pp. 514-21, through Rev. Metallurerie, xi. (1914) 

 Extraits, pp. 313-16 (10 figs.). 



