ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 313 



notes on oogenesis in Sycandra raphanus, etc., confirm the results of 

 F. E. Schulze. The ova arise from small amoeboid cells, and, as in 

 Tubularia and Pennaria, there is an absorption of adjacent amoeboid 

 cells by the growing ova. 



Protozoa. 



Reproductive Cycle in Protozoa, Volvocineae, and Dicyemidse.* 

 M. Hartmann gives a very full comparative account of the life-cycle in 

 these groups, with special reference to the elucidation of the Mesozoa. 

 He concludes that both Dicyemids and Orthonectids can come under 

 the plan of primary metagenesis, such as we are acquainted with in the 

 Protozoa and Volvocineas. The paper is accompanied by a tabulated 

 comparative statement of the different stages in the life-history of 

 Coccidiwn, Volvox, and Dicyema. 



New Type of Suctoria.f — S. Awerinzew describes Astropl/rya 

 armaria g. et sp. n., a suctorial Infusorian from the plankton of the 

 Volga. It is enclosed in a massive shell of fine sandy particles and 

 plant-remains agglutinated with a clear brown substance. There is an 

 irregular central chamber (145-188 /*), with eight lateral processes 

 (86-190 /x), from the ends of which the suckers emerge. Its position 

 is probably near the family Dendrosomina. 



New or Little Known Miocene Foraminifera.1: — A. Silvestri de- 

 scribes from the Miocene of Piedmont a number of new or imperfectly 

 described forms, e.g. EUipsopleurostomella schlichti sp. n., E. rostrata 

 sp. n., E. pleiirostomrfla sp. n., Lagena ventricosa sp. n., Ellijisobulimiaa 

 segmmai sp. n. 



Trypanosoma and Trypanosomiasis. § — W. E. Musgrave and M. 

 T. Clegg report exhaustively on an inquiry conducted with special re- 

 ference "to Surra in the Philippines. The work discusses fully the 

 geographical distribution, classification, modes of transmission of the 

 parasite, modes of infection, animals infected, treatment, etc. Only a 

 brief indication of some of the points brought out in this important 

 paper can be given. Trypanosoma is distributed over large areas of 

 the tropical and subtropical world, corresponding closely to the malarial 

 zones. Its life-cycle is as yet unknown, but is believed to be completed 

 within living animals. Infection with the parasite is through wounded 

 surfaces, in which biting insects, particularly flies and fleas, serve as the 

 principal agents. Statements concerning the infection of pastures and 

 water, and transmission through sound mucous membranes, have nothing 

 to support them. All methods tried for treatment of the disease have 

 been without results of practical importance or significance. 



Trypanosoma in Indian Birds. || — W. Hanna gives notes of the 

 occurrence of this parasite in the blood of the domestic pigeon and 



* Biol. Centralbl., xxiv. (1904) pp. 18-61. 



t Zool. Anzeig., xxvii. (1904) pp. 425-6 (1 fig.). 



% Atti. K. Acad. Sci. Torino, xxxix. (1904) pp. 4-15 (7 figs.). 



§ Report Dept. of the Interior U.S.A., 1903, pp. 1-248. 



|| Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xlvii. (1903) pp. 433-8 (1 pi.). 



