342 SUMMARY OF CUEEENT EESEAECHES RELATING TO 



characterised by the massive vegetative development composed of my- 

 celium and spores — the mycelial growth being much more pronounced 

 than in any known form of Saccharomyces. The form of the spore is 

 also very characteristic : it possesses an exosporium which divides into 

 valves on germination, something like a capsule, hence the specific name 

 capsularis. The new yeast causes the fermentation of maltose, dex- 

 trose, etc. The writer describes at length the different cultures and 

 experiments he made. He has placed another species, guttulatus, also 

 in the genus. It has endospores of a similar character. 



Classification of Penicillium.* — In several species of this genus, 

 the ascomycetous form has been found. Alb. Klocker has discovered a 

 new species which he names P. Wortmanni, and he suggests a new classi- 

 fication for the forms of which the full fructification is known. The 

 familiar P. glaucum forms sclerotia in the interior of which the asco- 

 spores are produced ; he would therefore place it in a genus by itself in 

 the Perisporiacege near to the Tuberacea3. The other forms that have 

 a fructification similar to Gymnoascus should form a new genus, or be 

 included in Gymnoascus itself. The new species is described as a 

 Penicillium, although the ascus fruit bears a strong resemblance to 

 Gymnoascus flavus. The conidial form marks the difference between 

 the two fungi. The author describes his methods of culture and the 

 means whereby he induced a growth of the higher fruit form. 



Trichothecium roseum.f — K. S. Iwanoff found this fungus to be 

 the cause of bitterness in fruit. He found it first on plums, which 

 were red in colour and had a very bitter taste ; the exterior was beset 

 with small wart-like prominences. Examination showed the presence 

 of mycelium, and by suitable cultures the Hyphomycete Tricliothecium 

 was developed, an upright conidiophore bearing a succession of two- 

 celled pear-shaped spores at the tip. 



Botrytis Disease of Tulips4 — H. Klebahn has made a prolonged 

 study of this disease caused by Botrytis parasitica, an account of which 

 has already been published by Eitzema Bos. He does not agree with 

 the latter in attributing the outbreak of the disease in new localities to 

 infected soil ; but considers from the history of various cases that it 

 has been conveyed with the bulbs. He made many culture experiments, 

 all tending to prove that the Botrytis was a specialised form and would 

 not cause disease on any other plants. He also tried to infect tulips 

 with several other forms of the fungus collected from various sources, 

 but without result. The results of the experiments are described in 

 detail, and advice is given as to methods of preventing disease. 



Wintering of Oidium Tuckeri.§ — There have been many theories 

 as to the means whereby this fungus is perpetuated in the absence of 

 perithecial fruits. Gy de Istvanfi finds that the mycelium lives on the 

 twigs during the winter and gives rise to the new fungus growth. He 

 recommends treatment of the plants during the winter with fungicides. 



* Coniptes Rendus, Lab. Carlsberg, 1903, pp. 92-102 (1 fig.). 



t Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr., xiv. (1904) pp. 36-40 (7 figs.). 



\ Tom. cit., pp. 1S-36 (1 pi.). 



§ Coniptes Rendus, cxxxviii. (1904) pp. 596-7. 



