42 Transactions of the Society. 



In the second section of this group the mouth-parts are very 

 much the same as in the Muscidae ; the trachere in the Loncho- 

 pteridae are numerous, but are "without teeth at the base, the 

 palpi are quite the same in appearance as in the Muscidae ; the 

 hypopharynx is a relatively strong, sharp, hairless lancet. The 

 paraglossae in the flower-haunting Pipunculidae are practically the 

 same as in the Lonchopteridae ; the palpi resemble those found in 

 the Empidae, but are labial and have a well-marked sense-organ 

 (pi. VI. figs. 15, 16). 



The specialised forms in the Tachinidae are adaptations, en- 

 abling the insects to explore the deeper cavities of flowers ; in the 

 Muscidae, to pierce skin and suck blood. Siphona gcniculata Deg., 

 & cristata F., and Prosena syharita F., are flower-suckers. Siphona 

 has an elongated labium, somewhat resembling that of JSMngia 

 campestris Mg., of the Syrphidae. Prosena is of a type which has 

 gained an evil notoriety in Glossina and Stomoxys; but this insect, 

 with different habits, has different modifications. The tip of the 

 labium, which is hardened, laminated and toothed in Glossina, has 

 remains of tracheae, but no vestiges of teeth (pi. VIII. fig. 12). 



Glossina has several interesting developments of palpi in dif- 

 ferent species, mostly in the direction of length, resembling in 

 this particular our English Hccmatobia ii ritans L. (pi. VII. figs. 3, 4). 



Glossina, Hamatobia, and Stomoxys have lost the tracheae, 

 though the paraglossaa are still evident, and they retain, and 

 indeed have developed the teeth, as found in the Muscidae. The 

 palpi, notwithstanding their extreme length and important func- 

 tion, are based on the membrane of the labium ; they are therefore 

 labial and not maxillary, as a recent writer with some pretensions 

 to experience has named them.* The cardines are connected with 

 the labrum. 



The genera Ccenosia and Caricea in the An thorn yidae are char- 

 acterised by a very decided increase in the size of the teeth,resembling 

 in this respect the Cordyluridae, where they are very marked, and 

 probably reach their largest modification (pi. VII. fig. 5). On account 

 of the teeth, and of the general character of the mouth-parts, I 

 think Mr. Verrall at fault when he transferred the little fly 

 Schccnomyza littorclla Fin., to the Agromyzidae. It is a decided 

 Anthomyid. The mouth-parts have all the characters found in 

 the Anthomyida?, and it shows its relationship to the Ccenosia 

 group, by the large teeth on the paraglossae, a character quite 

 absent in the smaller acalyptrate Muscidae. 



Though the Cordyluridae are raptorial, the tropin, with the 

 exception of the teeth, are but little modified ; the hypopharynx 

 is a trifle stouter and longer than in the house flies. 



* Dr. H. J. Hansen, 'Monograph of the Tsetse-flics,' p. 114. E. E. Austen, 

 London, 1S03. Dr. Bar sen has also committed himself, in the statement that 

 there aie no if mnar.ts of maxillae in the head of Glossina. 



