220 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



but at a later stage not only maltose, but cane, grape and fruit sugars 

 and raffinose, were quickly fermented. 



W. Henneberg* isolated two moulds from brewers' yeast, which he 

 terms Mycoderma («) and {IS). He made a series of experiments to test 

 if these yeasts would have an injurious influence on the fermentation 

 process. He proved that they did no harm. 



0. Hinsberg and E. Ross f examined the yeast of beer to determine 

 some of the chemical constituents of the yeast cells. Among other 

 substances, acids, etc., they detected an ethereal oil with a hyacinth 

 odour. 



Disease of Currant and Gooseberry 4 — 0. J. J. Van Hall describes 

 a disease that has wrought great havoc on currant and gooseberry 

 bushes in Holland. The first evidence of attack is the wilting of the 

 leaves, and examination shows that the stem is affected close to and 

 under the ground. The tissues were found to be full of a delicate 

 mycelium. Cultures were made to induce fruit formation, which were 

 unsuccessful, until accidentally they were subjected to a severe frost. 

 With a higher temperature the fungus revived and perithecia were 

 formed, which have been determined to be Cytosporina Ribis n. sp. 

 The fungus forms a black stroma, which contains a labyrinth of spore 

 chambers. The spores are thread-like and bent, and escape by one or 

 more openings in a yellowish mass. The author gives his reasons for 

 placing the fungus in the genus Cytosporina, and discusses other fungi 

 that attack species of Ribes. This fungus, like other subterranean forms, 

 is difficult to eradicate. Some hints are given as to the best means of 

 prevention or cure. 



Disease of Cultivated Mushrooms.§ — G. Cuboni and G. Megliola 

 have determined this disease to be due to the ravages of a Hyphomycete 

 already described as Monilia fimicola. In July, when the first fruiting 

 forms of the mushroom should appear, a number of little white points 

 are visible on the surface of the bed, which increase, and look like a 

 covering of chalk powder. After the invading fungus has exhausted 

 itself towards the end of September, a few diminutive mushrooms make 

 their appearance. The authors are of opinion that the fungus belongs 

 to the genus Oospora rather than to Monilia, on account of the small 

 development of hyphas and the minute dimensions of the spores. It 

 is not parasitic on the mycelium of the Agaric, but does harm by with- 

 drawing the nourishment intended for the higher fungus. They do not 

 recommend any cure except the careful destruction of damaged spawn. 



New Helminthosporium.|| — P. Magnus names the new species H. 

 Diedickei. It was found growing as a parasite on the leaves of 

 Ophioglossum vulgatum, forming dark-brown spots. The conidia are 

 3-septate and bent. The mycelium spreads between the cuticle of the 



* Wochenschr. f. Braueri, xx. (1903) pp. 137-9, 178-80. See also Ann. Mycol. i. 

 (1903) pp. 567-8. 



t Zeitschr. Physiol. Cbemie., xxxviii. (1903) pp. 1-16. See also Ann. Mycol. i. 

 (1903) p. 569. % Ann. Mycol., i. (1903) pp. 503-12(1 pi.). 



§ Atti. RealeAccad. Lincei, ccc. (19u3), pp. 440-3. 



|| Hedwigia, xlii. (1903) pp. 222-5 (1 pi.). 



