The President's Address. By Dr. H. Woodward. 157 



(Rhytina) of Behring Island, and many other animals, they have 

 all been destroyed by man. 



Ungulata Condylarthra. — This is a small, generalised, early 

 group of ungulates approaching the ancestors of the carnivora. 

 The feet are pentadactyle and plantigrade ; the brain is diminutive. 

 Hyracops and Phenacodus are typical examples. The teeth have a 

 low crown, bearing tubercles. They occur in the Eocene formation. 



Hyracoida. — In this order there are two surviving genera, 

 Hyrax and Dendrohyrax, of Africa and Syria. They occur fossil 

 at Pikermi, in Samos, in Egypt, and Patagonia. 



Amblypoda. — The Amblypoda, or blunt-toed animals, make 

 their appearance in the Lower Eocene. Many of these animals 

 attained a very large size, nearly equal to that of the Elephant, 

 their limbs being adapted to support the weight of very ponderous 

 bodies. The brain in these early animals was extremely small ; 

 the teeth are brachyodont, the tubercles being fused mostly into 

 transverse ridges, the full number of teeth being forty-four. 



Coryphyodon and Dinoceras are from the Lower and Middle 

 Eocene formations, and are striking examples of this now extinct 

 group. Dinoceras and Tinoceras are provided with horns on the 

 skull, and a full series of teeth are present ; the skeleton and limbs 

 closely resemble those of the Elephant in their general characters. 

 They have no living representatives at the present day. 



Arsinoitherium Zitteli Beadn. — There has lately been obtained 

 from the Upper Eocene of the Fayum, Egypt, a most remarkable 

 and novel form of large extinct Mammal belonging to the 

 Amblypoda, as big as a large rhinoceros in size, and having 

 a most bizarre and remarkable skull. The brain was small, and 

 placed near the hind part of the cranium ; the whole of the 

 top of the skull being occupied by two very small and two 

 immense horn-cores, the latter of which measure, from the occipital 

 condyle to the tip of horn, 99 cm. ; their points are directed for- 

 wards ; the nasal openings are beneath them in front, divided by a 

 very narrow septum. The jaws are compressed in front, and pro- 

 vided with numerous teeth adapted to vegetable food. The mouth 

 had probably a prehensile upper lip, or a proboscidiform snout like 

 that of a tapir, to enable it to gather its food, whether leaves or 

 grasses. It is probable these animals possessed a horny sheath, 

 covering their great bony horns, as the surface of the bone is marked 

 by vascular canals. The skeleton in the Amblypoda — save the 

 skull — was not unlike that of the elephants, and these great pachy- 

 derms probably may have been derived from a common ancestor in 

 the far distant past. 



Proboscidea (Elephant, Mastodon, etc.) — Although the exist- 

 ing Elephants form a well-known group of hoofed quadrupeds,, 

 they have been for a very long time separated from all the other 

 herbivorous animals by many peculiarities in their structure and 



