ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY, ETC. 691 



Diseases of Ficus.* — R. Farneti describes two fungi that attack 

 and damage figs. The first, Alternaria Fici, attacks the young fruit and 

 causes deformation. The mycelium burrows among the cells of the 

 growing tissue. As the fruit ripens and becomes soft, conidiophores and 

 conidia are produced. The second, Cladosporium sicophilum, also attacks 

 the fruit. A layer of cork underneath the part affected is formed, and 

 brown spots appear on the outer skin of the fig. The fungus spores are 

 of a clear brown colour. 



White Mildew of Citrus Limonum.f — G-. Briosi and E. Farneti 

 have worked out this disease of the lemon tree. It attacks the fruit, 

 leaves, and leaf -stalks. The first form of the fungus observed is Clado- 

 sporium Citri ; other forms observed were Hormodendron, Ovidaria, 

 Haplaria, and Rhynchodiplodia. The authors followed the different 

 stages throughout, and watched the development of one form to another. 

 Artificial infection of healthy fruits caused either hypertrophy (out- 

 growths of the fruit), or atrophy (formation of crusts). The oil glands 

 are the most favourable regions of infection. A cork layer invariably 

 forms under the area attacked. 



Diseases of Citrous Trees and Fruits.J — P. H. Rolfs records a 

 fungous disease which works much havoc in all places where citrous fruits 

 are grown, and is known by the name of wither-tip. The fruit, leaves, 

 flowers, or twigs may be attacked by the fungus Colletotrichum gloao- 

 sporoides. It causes spots on the fruit, especially of the lemon, and 

 these do not show until after the fruit is shipped, and much loss is 

 caused. The writer recommends methods of cure. 



Mycodomatia of Myrica cerifera.§ — J. W. Harshberger has given 

 an account of the nodules on the root of this plant. He found them 

 to be filled with fungus mycelium. The hyphae grew in the interior of 

 the cells and also in the intercellular spaces. The larger hyphae were 

 brown in colour. The root structure was found to be more or less 

 abnormal in the nodules. 



Formation of False Heart-wood in the Red Beech. || — The false 

 heart-wood is characterised by its dark colour. It takes rise from 

 wounds caused by decaying or broken branches, and spreads above and 

 below the place of origin. Johan Tuszon finds that it differs from the 

 neighbouring sap-wood, in the cells being filled by reddish-brown gummy 

 •contents and in the tylosis of the vessels. He finds also that there are 

 always fungal hyphae in the tissue, "especially towards the centre. He 

 ■considers the special formation to be a protective structure against the 

 attack of the fungus. It is only the functionless heart-wood that is 

 thus transformed, and the fungus enters through some deeply penetrating 



* Atti 1st. Bot. Pavia, viii. (1908) 5 pp., 1 pi. See also Ann. Mycol., ii. (1904) 

 p. 375. 



t Op.cit. n.s.,x. (1904) 60 pp., 11 pis. See also Ann. Mycol., ii. (1904) pp. 374-5. 



I U.S. Dep. Agric. Bur. Plant Industry, Bull. lii. (1904) 20 pp. See alBo Bot. 

 €entralbl., xcvi. (1904) pp. 116-7. 



§ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, lv. (1903) pp. 352-62. See also Bot. 

 €entralbl., xcvi. (1904) p. 274. 



|| Math. Naturwiss. Ber. Ungarn, xix. (19041 pp. 242-82 (22 figs.). 



