ZOANTHARIA 



41 



66°23'N., 7°25'W. 957 Dan. fms. Bott. temp. — ri°. St. 104 Ingolf Exp. several spec. 



125 

 117 



116 



— 2 spec. 

 - — 12 spec. 



— several spec. 



— several spec. 



32 Spitzbergen Ex. 18984,9 2spec.R.M. 

 41 Romer & Schaudinii. Berlin M. 

 32 Ingolf Exp. several spec. 



68 c o8'N., i6°02'W. 729 — — — — — o-8°. 



b9°i3'N., 8° 23' W. 1003 — — — — — ro°. 



69°3i ; N., 7°o6'W. 1309 — — — _ _ 1°. 



70°05'N., 8°26'W. 371 — — — — —0-4°. 



73 3'N., i8°3o'W. 410 m. 2 . 



8i° 20' N., 2o°30' E. 1000 m. 



66°35'N., 56°38'W. 318 Dan. fms. — - 3-9". 



Dimensions in the preserved state. The largest breadth of the polyps was about 0-55 cm. 

 The height was about 07 cm. excluding the groove-shaped ecenenchyme which may be of variable length 

 (greatest length observed 14 cm.). 



The colour of living specimens has not been observed. In the preserved state the polyps are 

 dirty coloured, lighter or darker. The polyps which are strongly incrusted witli foraminifera look as 

 if they were covered with white grit. 



External appearance. The polyps are pear-shaped, in the proximal part often drawn out 

 into a long narrow stalk, which often again increases a little in diameter towards the point and is 

 sometimes somewhat swollen (see fig. 6 PI. 1 showing the most typical appearance of the polyps). This 

 stalk which often had a groove-shaped appearance (fig. 15 — 16 PI. 2) does not however belong to the polyp 

 itself but to the ecenenchyme. The cavity of the polyp namely is continued in the stalk part only as 

 large canals, in contrast to what is found in I. arborescens. As the polyp, also in contrast to I. arborescens, 

 is always unattached, this part which is strongly incrusted probably serves as a sort of anchor for 

 the polyp. The groove-shaped part may possibly have surrounded some object, though the large material 

 collected affords no evidence of this. The polyps are nearly always single, and only very seldom 

 (observed in a few cases only, fig. 5, 6, PL i) does the stalk-shaped part send out another polyp. The 

 body-wall is richly incrusted, probably mostly with foraminifera densely placed, further, with a smaller 

 number of sand-grains and sponge-needles, the latter found mostly in the upper part. In the specimens 

 from St. 116 the sand-grains predominate and these polyps are darker; in specimens from St. 32 the 

 incrustation consisted exclusively of lighter or darker sand-grains interspersed with a few sponge-needles. 

 In the specimens collected at St. 105 as also in those dredged by Romer & Schaudinii, the capitular 

 region was well-marked, owing to the main incrustation being made up of sponge-needles, while the 

 lower part was richly beset with foraminifera. In another specimen I was able to remove large pieces 

 of a sponge, and it is possible that this is symbiotic with the polyp. In two specimens collected during 

 the Spitzbergen Expedition of 1898 the incrustation consisted mainly of sand-grains and sponge-needles, 

 while the foraminifera were scarce. The capitular furrows were indistinct and generally not to be seen 

 in the contracted, preserved polyps. In a half expanded specimen (fig. 5 PI. 1) on the other hand faint 

 capitular furrows could be observed. In a specimen from St. 32 I counted 13 capitular furrows with 

 well-marked sand-grain ridges iii the distal part. The whole polyp is of a more vigorous appearance 

 than /. arborescens. 



The oesophagus is very short, the siphonoglyphe broad, the hyposulcus almost of the same length 

 as the oesophagus. 



Tlie Ingolf-Expcdition. V. 4. 6 



