46 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



of spindle-shaped blasts, and ultimately the blastophores disappear and 

 the capsule contains thousands of free blasts. These reach the salivary 

 glands of the gnat, and are introduced into the blood of the Vertebrate 

 host. The authors recognise two genera, Hsemamoeba, in which the 

 gametocytes resemble the sporocytes before the latter begin to divide, 

 and Esemomenas g. n. in which the gametocytes have a special crescentic 

 shape. 



Malaria and Natives.* — S. E. Christophers and Dr. J. W. W. 

 Stephens show that in all native villages examined in Sierra Leone, 

 from 59-90 p.c. of the children were infected with malaria, and that a 

 considerable number of these contained crescentic bodies, which very 

 rapidly took on the spherical and flagellating form requisite for the 

 transmission of human malaria to the mosquito. In all the villages 

 examined, mosquitos (Anopheles) were present ; indeed, in all but rare 

 cases each individual hut contained both infected children and^ infected 

 mosquitos. Thus the native is the prime agent in the malarial infection 

 of Europeans, and infection can be escaped by avoiding native villages 

 and huts. 



Zoochlorellae of Paramoecium bursaria. f — Prof. P. A. Dangeard 

 discusses this case of symbiosis which appears to be due to CMorella 

 vulgaris Beyerinck. He describes the occurrence of the alga3 in the 

 Infusorian, their structure, and their division (normally into four, but in 

 nutritive culture-solutions into six). 



Parasitic Infusoria.} — Dr. Adolf Giinther has continued his obser- 

 vations on Ophryoscolex caudatus from the stomach of Ruminants, and 

 has investigated the minute structure of Cycloposthium bipalmatum from 

 the ciecum of the horse. He finds that in both the macronucleus lies 

 in the ectoplasm, but it appears at first sight to lie in the endoplasm, 

 because it occupies a bay-shaped inturning of the ectoplasm, and is in 

 consequence a considerable distance from the cell-periphery. The ecto- 

 plasmic position of the macronucleus was also demonstrated for other 

 parasitic Infusoria. In both the Infusorians studied the author describes 

 a layer of muscle fibrils, or myonemes, more conspicuous than anything 

 of the kind previously described in the Ciliata. The distribution of the 

 myonemes is described in detail for the two forms. It would appear 

 that the functions of the different groups differ ; e.g. some move the cilia, 

 some perhaps retract the peristome, and so on. In Cycloposthium the 

 author describes in detail the structure called by Bundle the ridge 

 (Leiste), and finds that it is a definite cell-organ, and not merely a 

 junction-line as has been supposed. The function appears a little un- 

 certain, but the author regards it as more than a simple supporting-rod. 

 Conjugation, not hitherto observed, was noted in six cases in Cyclo- 

 postMum. Mention should be made of the admirable figures of sections 

 which illustrate the paper. 



New Sporozoon in Dipterous Larvae.§ — Louis Leger found in the 

 intestine of larvae of Ceratopogon sp. n. a sporozoon, which exhibits 



• Kep. Malaria Comm. Roy. Soc, Aug. 15, 1900, 22 pp., 1 pi., and 1 map. 

 t Le Botaniste (Dangeard). vii. (1900) pp. 161-91 (3 tigs.). 

 t Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., lxvii. (1900) pp. 640-62 (2 pis.). 

 § Comptes Rendus, exxxi. (1900) pp. 722-4. 



