ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 141 



blood and from blood to tissue, are tbree characteristic tbeses of what 

 some experts have already called an epoch-making book. 



Blood of Rabbit.* — Dr. N. Tschistowitscb and Dr. W. Piwowarow 

 have studied the morphology of the blood in embryos and new-born 

 young of the rabbit. They tind that the following kinds of leucocytes 

 occur: — (1) Polvnuclear leucocytes, with nuclei which appear to be 

 intermediate between those of neutiophilous and eosinophilous leuco- 

 cytes in man ; (2) large polynucleated leucocytes with non-granular 

 protoplasm, which form a transition to (3) large, mononuclear leucocytes 

 with large oval nuclei ; (4) lymphocytes, small leucocytes with rounded 

 nuclei. The total number of leucocytes was always small. In both 

 embryos and new-born young, many nucleated erythrocytes occurred. 

 The paucity of leucocytes in foetal blood the authors explain as due to 

 the peculiar method of life, the maternal leucocytes acting as a means of 

 protection against the risk of attack by micro-organisms. After birth 

 the leucocytes rapidly increase in number. 



Nomenclature of Connective-Tissue Elements, f — Prof. W. Wal- 

 deyer considers that all the following— connective-tissue proper, elastic 

 tissue, mucoid tissue, cartilage, bone, dentine, pigmented connective- 

 tissue, adipose tissue, and lymphoid tissue — should be classed as "ground- 

 substance tissues." All possess (1) " ground-substance cells " ; (2) " inter- 

 cellular substance," which usually consists of basophilous amorphous 

 ground-substance, and scattered ground-fibriHa*, which do not form 

 bundles and are often invisible in fresh preparations ; (3) " intercellular 

 fibrilla?," differing from the above in that they are visible in fresh 

 preparations, and are of various kinds, such as elastic fibrillae, white 

 fibrilla?, and so on. 



Fat Absorption.^ — Prof. Julius Arnold finds that when fatty sub- 

 stances are introduced into the dorsal lymph-sac of the frog, or beneath 

 the skin of the back in the guinea-pig, the wandering cell may take up 

 the particles of fat by a phagocytic process. The cells then display 

 droplets of fat lying between the structural elements of the cell. It is 

 otherwise with the fatty granular cells which also make their appearance. 

 In them the fat is contained in granules which originate from the modified 

 plasmosomes of the cell. That these fatty granules are modified plasmo- 

 somes is shown clearly by their position in the cell and their relation to 

 the cell-constituents, no less than by their staining reactions. It is not 

 impossible that fat absorbed by a phagocytic process may be capable 

 of conversion into granular fat. 



Glands of the Eye.§— Dr. A. Alt has endeavoured to remove some 

 of the vagueness which he finds in previous descriptions of the glandular 

 structures appertaining to the human eye and its appendages. He 

 describes the orbital, palpebral, and conjunctival lachrymal glands, those 

 situated in the tarsal tissue of the eyelids, those in the tissue of the lid 

 margin, those in the caruncula lachrymalis, and the lachrymal drainage 

 apparatus. The paper is profusely illustrated by photographs. 



* Arch. Mikr. Anat.. lvii. (1901) pp. 335-45. f Tom. cit., pp. 1-8. 



X Anat. Anzeig., xviii. (1900) pp. 385-91. 



§ Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, x. (1900) pp. 185-207 (36 pis.). 



