ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 309 



roots ; but the appearance of the aphis is followed by the disease only 

 when there are apple-trees attacked by canker in the immediate vicinity ; 

 then it appears to be invariable. The Aphis appears to bo the active 

 agent in the propagation of the mycele and of the spores of tho Nectria. 

 The best remedies were found to be nicotine and tannin. 



Saccharomyces anomalus (?) * — Miss K. E. Golden found on the 

 skin of a lemon a Saccharomyces which developes the same kind of spore 

 as S. anomalus Hansen. The cells are round or oval, occur singly or 

 in pairs, and measure 2*4 /x in breadth and from 3 - 3 to 6*6 jx in length. 

 Cultivations were made on wort-gelatin and in Pasteur solution with 

 5 p.c. sucrose, lactose, and dextrose. Spores formed most readily on 

 wort-gelatin plate cultures. The spores were like those of S. anomalus 

 Hansen, being hemispherical in shape with a projecting rim around the 

 flattened surface. Prom the wort cultures an agreeable ethereal odour 

 was exhaled. The authoress inclines to the opinion that the two yeasts 

 are similar if not identical. . 



Proteolytic Enzyme of Yeast.f — Miss K. E. Golden records the 

 occurrence of a proteolytic enzyme of yeast. A gelatin-wort culture was 

 found liquefied, and after examination, the presence of a " wild " yeast 

 was detected. It took 30-40 days to liquefy 6 ccm. wort-gelatin. Ex- 

 periments showed that the enzyme was actively proteolytic, but that it 

 was tryptic in nature, from the fact that it worked well in the presence 

 of neutral and alkaline salts. The authoress identified the yeast with 

 Saccharomyces liquefaciens Sacc. 



Sensitiveness of certain Yeast Enzymes to Protoplasm Poisons.J — 

 Th. Bokorny tested the sensitiveness of zymase, invertase, and maltase 

 towards formaldehyd, sublimate, silver nitrate, and phenylhydrazin, and 

 found that the protoplasm of the cells was much more sensitive to the 

 reagents used than the enzymes. 



Pathogenic Yeast in Milk.§ — Dr. E. Klein describes a yeast which 

 was isolated from milk by means of subcutaneous injection into guinea- 

 pigs. The injections produced a swelling in which were found yeast- 

 cells. Most of these cells were spherical, but some were oval or pear- 

 shaped. The process of germination was distinctly observable. The 

 organism grew well on the usual media, but only feebly in ordinary 

 alkaline bouillon. It did not produce gas, or ferment beer-wort gelatin. 

 On solid media the growth is of a peculiar viscid mucoid character, 

 due to the presence of a gelatinous interstitial substance. Positive 

 results were obtained with guinea-pigs, mice, and rabbits, all cultures 

 proving pathogenic when injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. 

 Though this organism belongs to the group of pathogenic Blastomycetes 

 found in cancer, its cultural characters and its pathogenic action on 

 guinea-pigs and rabbits are distinctly different. 



Appearance and Disappearance of Glycogen in the Yeast-cell. || — 



E. Meissner has investigated the part played by glycogen in the yeast- 



* Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1899 (1900) pp. 141-4 (6 figs.). 

 t Tom. cit., pp. 129-40 (8 figs.). 



% Wettendorfer's Zeitschr. f. Spiritus-Industrie, 1900. See Bot. Centralbl. v 

 lxxxv. (1901) pp. 70-1. § Jouin. Hygiene, i. (1901) pp. 90-4. 



|| Centralbl. Bakt., 2 ,e Abt., vi. (1900) pp. 517-25, 545-54. 



June 19th, 1901 y 



