344 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Diffusion of Elements in Iron.* — Professor J. 0. Arnold and A. 

 M'Williaru have conducted experiments for the investigation of this 

 remarkable phenomenon. It has been known since 1897 that when 

 steel and wrought iron are heated in vacuo for some time the steel 

 not only loses carbon to the iron, but that the loss by the steel is 

 exactly equal to the gain by the iron. Hence the question arises 

 whether the carbon exists under such condition in a melted state and 

 passes as an elementary substance, or whether it diffuses as a carbide. 

 The authors have elaborately investigated the subject, and their con- 

 clusions drawn from their photomicrographic observations are strongly 

 in favour of the probability of the diffusion of the carbon as a carbide. 

 This property seems also to be shared by the sulphide and oxy- 

 sulphide. 



Bibliography. 



Fifth Report of the Alloys Research Committee. 



[Professor Sir W. C. Roberts-Austen in this report produces tbe series of 



typical photomicrographs of irons and steels, which will form a useful 



reference set,] Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 186-222 (66 figs.). 



The Relation between the Microstructure of Rolled Steel and its Physical Properties. 



[Several controversial letters on this subject.] 



Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 71-9. 

 Clamee, G. H. — The Microstructure of Bearing Metals. 



Journ. Franklin Inst., 1S98, p. 188 ; and Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 139-49. 

 Hetn, E. — Microstructure of Steel. 



[Contains some 45 photomicrographs, illustrating many aspects of the 

 subject.] 

 Stahl und Eisen , Aug. 1 and 15, 1899: and Metallographist, i. (1900) pp. 52-64, 



with the complete set of photomicrographs. 

 Morse, R. G. — The Effect of Heat-treatment upon the Physical Properties and the 

 Microstructure of Medium Carbon Steel. 



[The author gives a careful account of his experiments, but thinks that, in 

 the present state of knowledge, it is unwise to draw conclusions.] 



Metallographist, i. (1900) pp. 130-45 (23 figs.). 

 Osmond, F. — Influence of Low Temperatures upon certain Steels. 



[Contains a photomicrograph of a cemented carbon steel quenched at 

 1050° C. in liquid air.] Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 258-61 (1 pi.) 



Osmond, F. — On the Crystallography of Iron. 

 [A very useful treatise on the subject.] 



Annales des Mines, Jan. 1900; and Metallographist, 

 i. (1900) pp. 181-220 and 275-90 (55 figs.). 

 Outerbridge. A. E., Ju n.— A Study of the Microstructure of Bronzes. 



Journ. Franldin Inst., 1899, p. 18; and Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 150-2. 

 Perillon, M. — Microscopic Metallography of Steel. 



[The author describes briefly the microstructure of steel, recognising the 

 presence of six constituents: — feriite, pearlite, cementite, martensite. 

 troostite, and austenite.] 



Bull. Soc. de Vlndustrie Minerale, xii. (1898) p. 469; 



and Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 155-7. 



Roberts-Austen, Sir W. C— Importance of the Microscopical Study of Metals. 



Extract from Presidential Address before Iron and Steel Institute, 



May 1899; and Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 340-5. 



„ ,. On the Action of the Projectile and of the Ex- 



plosives on the Tube of Steel Guns. 



[Tho autlior discusses some of the difficulties likely to be solved by miero- 

 graphic analysis.] Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 125-9 



* Metallographist, i. (1899) pp. 278-305. 



