ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 305 



ripen ; they are pimple in their structuro, and produce a small number 

 of antherozoida, which are enclosed in a membrane when they escape 

 from the antherid. The archegones arise at or near the base of the 

 filaments, either directly on the filament, or, more often, on cushions 

 formed by the division of the cells of the filament. They are cha- 

 racterised by the uniformity of the neck-rows and the large size of the 

 stigmatic cells. The foot is a large well-defined organ, remaining at- 

 tached to the protoneme for some time after the formation of the third 

 leaf. 



The primary root is persistent. The root-cap consists of four large 

 pear-shaped cells. The rhizome is erect, always forming a protective 

 covering over the growing end. The trichomes are large and persistent. 

 There is a central concentric bundle with a well-marked endoderm. 

 Sclerosis takes place in the entire cortex, the cells of which, with the 

 epiderm, are filled with starch. The sterile and fertile leaves have two 

 rows of large stomates, alternating with two or more rows of glands. 

 The leaf-bundles appear collateral, with a well-marked endoderm. The 

 mesophyll tissue is composed of thin-walled cells branched in a stellate 

 manner. 



The cells of both protoneme and rhizome are infested by the hyphae 

 of a fungus which appears to be symbiotic rather than parasitic. 



Muscinese. 



Classification of Mosses.* — The only portion completed of an ex- 

 haustive work on Mosses by the late Dr. K. Miiller is now published 

 under the editorship of Dr. Schliephacke. It comprises the classes 

 Schistocarpi, Cleistoearpi, and Stegocarpi, excluding the Orthotrichacepe 

 and Pleurocarpi. The classification is founded on that of Miiller's 

 Synopsis (1849) ; the characters of the classes and genera are given in 

 great detail. The Sphaguacete are treated as a co-ordinate family 

 belonging to the Acrocarpas, between the Leucobryacese and the 

 Funariacese. As many as fifty species are included in the cosmopolitan 

 type Bryum argenteum. Miiller estimated the number of species of 

 Musci at about 12,000. 



Characese. 



Pseudo-Hermaphroditism in Nitella.f — A. Ernst describes some 

 abnormalities in Nitella syncarpa, the most interesting being a pseudo- 

 hermaphroditism resulting from the formation of spermatogenous fila- 

 ments within the oogone. 



Algae. 



Galls on Seaweeds.^ — Miss Ethel S. Barton describes galls found 

 on two British species of seaweed, Furcellaria fastigiata and ChonJrus 

 crispus, produced by a nematode worm, probably an undescribed species 

 not belonging to Tylenchus. The cells of the gall contain a granular 

 substance apparently identical with the Floridean starch of van 

 Tieghem. 



* Genera Muscorum Frondosorum, etc., Leipzig, 1901, 474 pp. See Bot. Ztg., 

 lix. (1901) 2 te Abt., p. 52. 



t Flora, lxxxviii. (1901) pp. 1-36 (3 pis.). 



t Journ. of Bot., xxxix. (1901) pp. 49-51 (1 pi.). 



