ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 405 



■only. Vessels of both types intervene between the ends of the arteries 

 and the veins — the familiar capillaries and the unfamiliar " sinusoids." 



A sinusoid is of relatively large size, and its epithelium is fitted 

 •closely against the cells of the organ in which it is developed ; it has 

 numerous wide and free communications with neighbouring sinusoids ; 

 the sinusoid wall follows the shape of the parenchyma of the part, with 

 no or exceedingly little (secondary) connective-tissue between it and the 

 adjacent parenchyma ; tbe development also seems different from that of 

 true capillaries. Blood sinusoids have been found to afford the main 

 channels of the circulation in pronephros, mesonephros, liver, heart, 

 suprarenal capsules, parathyroid glands, carotid glands (probably), and 

 coccygeal glands. 



Structure of Nerve-Cells.* — Prof. L. Vinceuzi has studied the cells 

 of the ventral nucleus of the ear in kittens, and finds them to be invested 

 by a distinct pericellular membrane. This membrane invests the whole 

 oell, and is prolonged over the cell processes. It appears to the author 

 to have a scale-like rather than a reticular structure, apparently con- 

 sisting of polygonal scales each of which projects over the next. A 

 number of cells with their processes are figured and described, and the 

 •course of the processes discussed. 



In an additional note,| the author notes that he has now found that 

 the pericellular membrane is neither reticular nor made of scales, but 

 forms a continuous investment. The various appearances observed by 

 himself and other authors he explains as follows. In treating endo- 

 thelium with nitrate of silver, it has often been observed that lines of 

 adhesion become more deeply coloured than other parts. He believes 

 that the pericellular investment is a membrane having polygonal lines 

 of adhesion to the underlying cell. These lines of adhesion stain more 

 deeply, and give to the investment a reticular appearance. He finds 

 further that, at least in some cases, the investment is connected with 

 capillary vessels. 



Elements of Connective-Tissue. + — Josef Schaffer does not altogether 

 agre'e with Waldeyer's recent paper § on this subject, especially as 

 regards the dropping of the term cement-substance (Kittsubstanz). He 

 considers that the term should be retained to designate the structure- 

 less connecting substance which unites the formed elements of the 

 ground-substance, and is probably of the nature of mucin. This cement- 

 substance is present, although in small quantities, in many regions of the 

 body, as between the fibrillas of lamellar bones, in developing counective- 

 tissue, and so on. Further, Schaffer is of opinion that ground-substance, 

 though it may arise from metamorphosed protoplasm, does not usually 

 do so, but rather originates by a process of secretion from the cells. 



Endings of the Olfactory Nerves in Fishes.|| — K. P. Jagodowski has 

 studied these in the pike and some other fishes. As Max Schultze 

 showed, the olfactory bud consists of epitbelial supporting cells and 

 olfactory cells. Of the latter the author finds three types : — (a) rods in 



* Anat. Anzeig., xix. (1901) pp. 33-42 (20 figs.). 



t Tom. cit., pp. 115-8 (4 figs.). % Tom. cit., pp. 95-104. 



§ Cf. this Journal, ante, p. 141. 



[| Anat. Anzeig., xix. (1901; pp. 257-67 (10 figs.). 



