406 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



which the peripheral process is throughout almost as thick as the body 

 of the cell ; (b) small compact cells with no peripheral process (the 

 Biechstabchen and Biechzapfen of Dogiel) ; aud (c) the spindle-shaped 

 or pear-shaped cells with a shorter thicker peripheral process, and a 

 very thiu varicose central process, as described by Schultze. 



But the author has found, what Schultze and Dogiel saw hints of, 

 long delicate flagellum-like processes (Riechgcisseln) which extend far 

 outwards, aud are probably of great importance in fishes, where the 

 cells lie deeply within the folds and are covered by a thick layer of 

 mucus. 



Innervation of the Mammalian Kidney.* — A. E. von Smirnow finds 

 that all the blood-vessels of the kidney are provided with nerves, and 

 that there are other nerves associated with the urinary tubules and with 

 the canaliculi both of the cortical and of the medullary substance. He 

 shows generally that there is a rich abundance of renal nerves and nerve- 

 endings of diverse physiological import, and more particularly he con- 

 firms the supposition that there are secretory and sensory nerves in the 

 parenchyma. 



SalivaryiGlands.f — Dr. A. Maximow describes at great length the 

 macroscopic and microscopic changes in the salivary glands after cutting- 

 the chorda tympani, the normal conditions in the dog, and the changes 

 induced bv binding the efferent ducts. 



Histology of Thyroid Gland.! — Dr. Motta Coco has made some 

 observations on the connective-tissue investment of the thyroid in the 

 dog. He finds that in the adult the branching connective-tissue makes 

 a network throughout the whole gland, with irregular meshes whose 

 walls are sometimes thick and sometimes thiu. The network is present 

 throughout, invests both its vessels and nerves, aud finally surrounds 

 the vesicles. 



■y. Genera]. 



Relations of Arctic and Antarctic Faunas. § — Dr. G. Pfeffer 

 argues in support of the view that the faunas of higher latitudes repre- 

 sent the coeval relics of the almost uniformly developed and almost 

 universally distributed early tertiary faunas, as they have been evolved 

 under the influence of the cooling of the climate, by a process of 

 separating out and selection. The similarity of the operating causes 

 secured that the same components of the old fauna remained behind 

 in both north and south ; and thus has arisen the great and still well- 

 marked similarity of the two faunas. 



Genesis of Mid-Pacific Faunas. || — Dr. H. A. Pilsbry brings forward 

 evidence in favour of the hypothesis of a late palaeozoic or early 

 mesozoic mid-Pacific continent (upon the sunken heights of which the 

 present island masses, volcanic or coral, have been superposed). The 

 hypothesis is advanced to account for the constitution of Polynesian 



* Anat. Anzeig., xix. (11)01) pp. 347-59 (1 pi.). 

 t Arch. Mikr. Anat, lviii. (1901) pp. 1-134 (3 pis.). 

 \ Anat. Anzeig., xix. (1901) pp. 88-95 (2 figs.). 



§ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vii. (1901) pp. 301-22. Trans, from Ver. Deutsch. 

 Zool. Ges.,ix. (1899) pp. 260-87. 



|| Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1900 (published 1901) pp. 568-81. 



