ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 443 



mycelio crustaceo maculiformi superficiali fusco incidentia, ovoidea v. 

 oblonga, papilla to- os teolata ; asci clavati, 8-spori, aparaphysati ; sporaa 

 oblongas, continue, hyalina? v. subflavescentes. 



In au instalment of bis description of tbe fungi gatbered in Brazil 

 by lie, Dr. H. Rebm * describes, under tbe Sphreriaceae, a new genus 

 Vestergrenia g. n., witb tbe following diagnosis : — Peritbecia sessilia r 

 globusa, glabra, baud papillata, poro minutissimo pertnsa, membranacea, 

 atra, basi bypbis fuscis conjuncta ; asci ovales, crasse tunicati, longe 

 tenerrinie stipitati, 8-spori ; sporidia elliptica, l-cellularia, byaliua,. 

 3-sticba ; parapbyses nulla?. 



F. Bucboltz f describes, as tbe type of a new genus Psmdogoneu,, 

 belonging to tbe Tuberacese s an underground fungus found in Italy. 

 Tbe receptacle is irregularly spherical and hollow, witb one or more 

 roundish or fissure-like openings ; its wall is clotbed within and without 

 by a spiny pseudo-parenchj'matous rind ; tbere are no true labyrinthine 

 passages ; tbe asci are cylindrico-club-shaped and 8-sjiored ; the spores 

 spherical, very finely verrucose ; the parapbyses septate. 



In a collection of Fungi from Java made by M. Fleischer, P. Hen- 

 ings + finds two species of a new genus of Gasteromycetes, Pirogaster 

 g. n., which he thus defines : — Peridium coriaceum, simplex, pisiforme, 

 stipitatum, extus pallidum ; gleba carnosa, violacea v. brunnea, venoso- 

 reticulata ; sporae globosae, aculeato-asperatae, colorataa. 



Peronosporacese. § — Prof. A. N. Berlese follows up his general 

 account of the structure of this family of Fungi with a monograph of 

 the known genera and species. Tbe family is first of all divided into 

 two subfamilies, the Planoblastae and the Siphoblastae. The former are 

 characterised by tbe non-sexual propagation taking place by means of 

 zoospores which are formed either in zoosporanges which remain ad- 

 berent to the mycele, or more often in deciduous conids ; they comprise 

 the genera Pythium, Cystomas, Phytophthora, Plasmopara, Sclerospora, 

 and Basidioplwra. In the second subfamily non-sexual propagation is 

 effected by conids which germinate by means of a mycelial filament, 

 and wbieh are homologous to the deciduous zoosporanges of the Plano- 

 blastae : it comprises the genera Uremia and Peronoxpora. The present 

 paper treats of genera 2-5. 



Pilobolus.p — E. Palla gives a useful monograph of this genus of 

 Fungi, of which he makes eight species, one, P. heterosporus, being new. 

 But in some cases tbe " species " includes a number (in the case of 

 P. Kleinii as many as 20) of " small species " or subspecies, differing from 

 one another only in the form or appearance of the spores, a difference 

 which can be detected only by prolonged culture. 



Chytridiaceee.^f — B. Ltidi describes a new species of Synchytrium,. 

 S. Drabse, parasitic on Draha aizoides, and, in a general review of the 

 genus, gives his opinion that, in the Synchytrieae, as in the Uredineae 

 and Scbizomycetes, tbere may be biological species which do not differ 

 from one another morphologically. A long series of experiments on 



* Op. cit., xl. (1901) p. 100 (1 fig.). t Tom. cit., pp. 129-31 (5 figs.). 



X Op. cit., xl. (1901) Beibl.. pp. 26-7 (2 figs.). 



§ Kiv. Pat. Veg., ix. (1901) pp. 1-126 (21 figs.). Cf. this Journal, 1899, p. 189. 



|| Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 1. (1900) pp. 349-70, 397-401 (1 pi.). 



f Hedwigia, xl. (1901) pp. 1-44 (2 p!s. and 5 figs.). 



