722 SUMMAKY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES. 



the conclusions arrived at are : — (1) That the observations of Arnold 

 and MacWilliam, proving that solid phosphide of iron does diffuse when 

 in the solid state into solid iron, under certain conditions, have been 

 fully confirmed ; (2) that if time is given, the quantity which will diffuse 

 into iron is very considerable, amounting to what is equivalent to about 

 1 per cent, of phosphorus ; (3) that it still remains to be proved at 

 what temperature diffusion commences. The paper includes valuable 

 and elaborate appendices on eutectics, solid solutions, heat-tinting, and 

 bibliography. 



Clinical Pathology and Practical Morbid Histology.* — T. Strange- 

 ways Pigg's Manual of Clinical Pathology and Morbid Histology is a 

 very practical and most useful little work ; and, though intended for the 

 use of students of medicine, will be found of considerable assistance to 

 other workers in bacteriology and histology. It includes methods for 

 the examination of blood, sputum, diphtheria, ringworm, gonorrhoea, 

 pus, bacteria, and urine. There is also a resume of the procedures re- 

 quired in practical histology, in which the following stages are given with 

 much clearness : — Fixing and hardening tissues, decalcification, imbed- 

 ding in paraffin and celloidin, cutting sections on a freezing microtome 

 or a Cambridge rocking microtome, and on a sliding microtome. Stain- 

 ing frozen sections with alum-carmine and with hasmatein. Staining 

 paraffin and celloidin sections. Staining sections for fatty changes, for 

 amyloid changes, for micro-organisms, for free iron ; of nervous tissue ; 

 staining elastic tissue. 



At the end is a list of 53 formulae, which are in constant use in the 

 laboratory. The paragraphs on the blood are preceded by two coloured 

 plates showing normal and abnormal erythrocytes and leucocytes, with 

 descriptions by Hon. G. Scott. This will be found extremely valuable 

 to those interested in this special depaitment. 



Demonstrations of Microscopic Manipulation. — For the benefit of 

 amateurs as yet unacquainted with the full resources of the instrument, 

 Messrs. Baker (244 High Holborn) have set aside four afternoons in each 

 month (except July, August, and September) for the demonstration of 

 microscopic manipulation. These demonstrations will be given on the 

 1st and 3rd Friday, and the 2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month, from 

 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., the demonstration on each Tuesday being the same as 

 that on the preceding Friday. These demonstrations will be entirely 

 without charge ; full particulars are given in Messrs. Bakers' Catalogue 

 for 1902. 



Bibliography. 



Pkai'm — Einfacher Apparat zur Entnahme von Wasserproben aus grb'sseren Tiefen. 



Centralbl. Bald., I" Abt., XXIX. (1901) pp. 994-6 (1 fig.). 

 Sauvecb, A.— The Progress of Metallography in 1900. 



[A very useful resume, under the two heads: (i.) Preparation of samples of 

 metals for microscopical examination; (ii.) Development of the struc- 

 ture.] Metallographist, Oct. 1901, pp. 271-S6 (5 figs. >. 

 Tiemann, H. P. — The Temperature Limits for the Separation of Graphite from 

 Martensite in Pure Cast Iron. Metallographist, Oct. 1901, pp. 313-:;2 (12 figs.). 



* London, Strangeways and Sons, 1901, 2nd ed., 107 pp., 7 pis., and 6 figs. 



