204 JOURNAL OF The WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 11, NO. 9 



tific training and attainments. To list all these scientific by-products, 

 however, would result in a bibliography imposing in both length and 

 quality. 



The principal beneficial influence of land classification surveys 

 upon our science has operated through the requirement of quantitative 

 detail and the necessary training for close observation. The geologist 

 trained in this work has, through great travail of spirit, attained 

 notable accuracy in field methods, which has reacted favorably upon 

 standards of work throughout the field organization. 



The results of scientific value incidental to the large expenditures 

 of effort and money in the classification of public coal, phosphate, and 

 oil lands have included the increased interest in stratigraphic prob- 

 lems and the increased attention to structural details, overlooked in 

 broad regional studies, and to variation in sedimentation. It is not 

 too much to say that a large part of the present knowledge of the 

 Cretaceous and early Tertiary stratigraphy and paleontology of the 

 West can be traced directly to the public coal-land work, broadly 

 administered by Campbell. The Laramie question became a live 

 issue; Stanton, Lloyd and Hares recognized and discussed new prob- 

 lems in the Lance of the northern area, just as Gilmore contributed to 

 the paleontology of the southern area ; Lee and others made substantial 

 revisions of the stratigraphic column for the eastern flank of the 

 Rocky Mountains; and far to the north, Rollick's monographic study 

 of the Cretaceous flora of Alaska and Martin's work on the Mesozoic 

 stratigraphy of Alaska, of which the Triassic chapter has been pub- 

 lished, are a direct outgrowth of the coal and oil investigations. With 

 these and many other highly scientific contributions in mind, it is not 

 too much to credit the fifteen years devoted so largely to examination 

 of the Nation's coal lands with an addition to our geologic knowledge 

 of the West fully comparable with the pioneer results of the similar 

 period of exploration over the same area forty years earlier. The 

 new geologic map of Wyoming now ready for publication is in largest 

 part the result of the activities directed primarily to classifying oil and 

 coal land. 



Less obvious, perhaps, have been the scientific results of the in- 

 creased attention given to structure, such as the recognition and de- 

 scription of the Bannock overthrust by Richards and Mansfield in 

 mapping phosphate rocks in Idaho or the interpretation of the Hart 

 Mountain overthrust by Hewett as a by-product of his coal and oil 

 work in Wyoming, although the discovery of this great overthrust is 



