312 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 11, NO. 13 



GEODESY. — Latitude developments connected with geodesy and cartography, 

 lidth tables, including a table for Lambert equal-area meridional projection. 

 Oscar S. Adams. U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Publ. 67. 

 (Serial 143). Pp. 132. 1921. 



There are six different kinds of latitude that are found convenient in 

 various cartographic and geodetic applications. In this publication the 

 developments of the differences between each of these latitudes and the 

 geodetic latitude are derived in Fourier series in terms of the geodetic lati- 

 tude and afterwards expressed in terms of the particular latitude in question. 

 In the case of two of the latitudes that are, from their definitions, somewhat 

 complicated in their development, the series have been derived in several 

 different ways. This procedure serves as a check upon the work and the 

 methods in themselves are interesting applications of analysis to practical 

 problems. 



The coefficients of the series are expressed in terms of the eccentricity 

 of the meridian ellipse; in this form they are applicable to any spheroid of 

 reference. For the computation of tables, these coefficients were afterwards 

 expressed in terms of the Clark spheroid of 1866, this being the spheriod of 

 reference of the North American Geodetic Datum. In this form the coeffi- 

 cients are given in seconds of angle so that the result of a computation may 

 be expressed in seconds of angular measure. The resulting coefficinets are 

 given both as numbers for use in machine computation and as logarithms 

 for work without calculating machine. 



Tables are included for these latitudes computed for every half degree of 

 latitude. In practical applications, these tables will be found of very great 

 advantage since they give results that would require a great amount of 

 computation if no table were available. 



In addition to these latitude tables, there are given tables for transforma- 

 tion from latitude and longitude to arc distance and azimuth from a point 

 on the equator. After these is given a table of the radial distance for a 

 Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection upon a meridian plane, and finally 

 there is included a table of the coordinates for this projection. O. S. A. 



ZOOLOGY. — Report on the Crinoids collected by the Barbados -Antigua Expedi- 

 tion from the University of Iowa in igi8. Austin H. Clark. Univ. 

 Iowa Studies. Studies in Natural History, 9 (First Series No. 45), 

 5, 1-28. March 15, 1921. 

 The crinoids collected by the Barbados- Antigua Expedition are minutely 

 described; a history of the development of the study of the West Indian 

 crinoids is given, and the faunal characteristics and relationships of the 

 Caribbean region are discussed in detail; a key to the 30 genera of crinoids 

 occurring in the Caribbean Sea is included; the author's 25 previous papers 

 on the Lesser Antillean fauna (dealing with living and extinct birds, mammals, 

 amphibians, fishes, insects and onychophores) are listed. A, H. C. 



METALLURGY. — The inter crystalline brittleness of lead. Henry S. Raw- 

 don. Bur. Standards Sci. Paper 377. Pp. 19, figs. 11. 1920. 

 Sheet lead sometimes assumes a very brittle granular form during service, 

 dne to corrosion. An explanation which has been offered by previous in- 

 vestigators for this change in properties is that it is due to an allotropic trans- 

 formation, the product resulting from the change being analogous to the well- 

 known "gray tin." The rate at which the intercrystalline brittleness is 

 brought about is proportional to the amount of impurities and to the concen- 



