n the i 'i fairl) regular intervals (fig. 154), in 7 Gardineri 



ther hand thi me on long moniliform filaments 5 6 times divided 



• • also I ran - Linn. So< Bol \ II 19 

 in /' expeditionis the flabella arising from ;i given point 

 !.iti|i of 2 |. and are short-stalked ; while in / Gardineri 

 tii, .:i\ as y'-ioo aml are borne on a much divided ramification of 



the upper cylindric filaments of the flabella in '/'. expeditionis 



tli.m tiile in T. Gardineri it is usually about 50JX and sometimes even |.o/x. 



infined to the western Indian Ocean. h was cpllected at low tide 



3 Archipelago and in deep water (44 — 20 fathoms) al Amirante. The 



omeruli has therefore no connection with the depth at which the plants grow 



11. Penicillus Lamarck. 

 r S . 156 1 



H i s t o r i c a 1 . 



The oldest specimen of Penicillus that we have seen was collccted by Mark Catesby 

 between the years 1722 and 1720. and is included in a set of his plants from Carolina, 

 Florida, Bahamas etc. (Herb. Sloane vol. 232, folio 1 8, in Herb. Mus. lirit.j. It is 

 an av( example <4" /'. capitatus. It is described in MS. by Solander as follows, in the 



\ of Rav's Historia Plantarum (III. Suppl. p. 31. 1704) in the Botanica! Department of 

 the British Museum: "Conferva bahamensis, filamentis cinereis, dichotomis, in pilam congestis 

 quasi petiolo donatam". 



The next record that we can hnd of Penicillus is in Seba's Rerum Naturalium Thesaurus 

 vol. I. 1754. p. 5. tab. I. fig. to. Ile ealls it "Sceleton Fungi terrestris (Sqtielette d'un Cham- 

 pignon terrestre)' ', and describes it as such, tooether with the skeletons of various fruits. The 

 figui isily recognised as representiiiL; P. capitatus. No mention is made as to habitat. 



The name of Corallina Penicillus was given to this plant by Linnaeus in [758 (Syst. 



\.it. X. j 7 sp. ui); and in 1766 Pallas (Elenchus Zoophytorum 17')') p. 428) claims to 



ha'. Corallina Penicillus (I'. capitatus) growing gregariously in the American Sea. 



in the same year gives as the habitat of that species B 0[ceano] Asiatico" (Syst. 



Nat. I.i XII. reformata, vol. I. [766. p. 1305), an error which was probably due to the 



mistake made by Pallas and others in regarding C. Penicillus as identical with Hydra 



Linn.. which is an anima! from the China Sea-,. LlNNAEUS certainly regarded all the 



being animals, because <>\ their calcareous covering loc. cit. p. 1304, footnote). 



nd Soi vnd] Nat Mist. Zoophyt. 1786 \>. 126. tab. 25. figs. 4 6) give a good 



1 figure ofC Penicillus, placing it between the species C. Phoenix (= Rhipocephafa 



= Chamaedoris). Their figures consist of two plants of natural si/e and a 

 nch '4' the capitulum. Two of them, n. >s. 5 and o, were subsequently made b) 

 Polyp. Corall. 1816 p. 258) the foundation lor a new species under the 

 •uidalis. 



