442 



The following table shows that no less than 3 1 species and varieties of Synalpheus were 

 taken on a Lithothamnion bottom in depths varying between 3 and about 40 m. 



Syn. Iphino'è de Man 

 Syn. miscellaneus de Man 

 Syn. neomeris (de Man) 



Syn. amabilis de Man 



Syn. amboinae (Zehntner) 



Syn. Antenor de Man 



Syn. bispinosus de Man 



Syn. bituberculatus de Man 



Syn. biung'uiculatus (Stimpson) Cout. 



Syn. carinatns (de Man) 



Syn. carinatns (de Man) var. ubianensis de Man 



Syn. consobrinus de Man 



Syn. Demani Borr. 



Syn. fossor (Paulson) var. propinqua de Man 



Syn. gracilirostris de Man 



Syn. Gravieri Cout. 



Syn. hastilicrassus Cout. 



Syn. Heroni Cout. 



Syn. Iocasta de Man 



Syn. ncptunns (Dana) 



Syn. Nilandensis Cout. 



Syn. Nilandensis Cout. var. bandaensis de Man 



Syn. Nilandensis Cout. var. oxyceros Cout. 



Syn. Pescadorensis Cout. 



Syn. quadridens de Man 



Syn. quadrispinosus de Man 



Syn. septcinspinosus de Man 



Syn. streptodactyloides de Man 



Syn. streptodactyhts Cout. 



Syn. Theophane de Man 



Syn. tumidomanns (Paulson). 



Max Weber has shown x ) that a primary condition for the occurrence of Lithothamnion 

 is the existence of a strong tidal current. From this point of view it is interesting to note that 

 the List of Stations teaches that at 7 stations five or more species of Synalpheus have been 

 gathered. These are Stat. 49°- with 5, Stat. 164 with 12, Stat. 240 with 10, Stat. 273 also 

 with 10, Stat. 282 with 1 S (!), Stat. 310 with 5 and Stat. 315 with 8 species. Now the named 

 localities are also characterized by strong tidal currents and by a very abundant animal lite, 

 especially by Sponges, Alcyonids {Spongodes) and Gorgonids on and between which the specimens 

 of Synalpheus were living. 



The data given in this List show clearly that the species of Synalpheus collected by 

 the "Siboga" were chiefiy taken from shallow water. There are only three hauls exceeding 

 100 meters, the deepest lying between 400 and 120 m. (Stat. 65 a ). The maximum development 

 in species is in the zone between about 5 and 60 meters. 



The List of Stations appears to teach furthermore that the Indo-australian Synalphei 

 are sedentary animals, for all the specimens were caught by the dredge or other appliances 

 for securing bottom-living specimens; or they were collected on coralreeis or semi-parasitically 

 on Sponges, Gorgonids, Alcyonids, Pearl-oysters etc. 



Alpheus Fabr. 



In the following table the numbers of the two first columns indicate on how many 

 different reefs and on how many localities covered by Lithothamnion the species of Alpheus, the 



1) Max Weber, Introduction et description de 1'expédition. Siboga-Expeditie, Livr. III, 1902, p. 36. 



310 



