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BATTIGALLURU AND GEDDURU. 



Except six or seven curers who may be said to be in easy 

 circumstances, the rest are generally poor and live by fishing and 

 are not financed by capitalists or middlemen. No hired labour is 

 employed. They help one another and are assisted sometimes 

 by their women and children. All the ticket-holders are fishermen 

 by caste. 



FUNDI. 



Most of the curers are Kevutas and some are Jalaris. The 

 fishermen and curers are of ordinary means and are not financed by 

 capitalists or middlemen. The fishermen are given advances of 

 Rs. 2 to 5 per boat by the ticket-holders and get in return all the 

 fish at current rates. Certain men arrange the prices between the 

 fishermen and purchasers and these get a commission of six pies in 

 the rupee. Hired labour is occasionally employed, but no perma- 

 nent coolies are kept on. When fish are caught in large quantities 

 carts are engaged to transport them to the yard at I to lYz anna 

 per mile and female coolies are paid Yzio iy2 anna per head-load. 



MANCHINEELLUPETA. 



The curers are the wives and female relations of the fishermen 

 who are Vadas and Jalaris by caste. They are in fairly well-to-do 

 circumstances and not financed by capitalists. No hired labour is 

 employed. 



ALTHADA. 



The fishermen are in well-to-do circumstances because they do 

 not depend entirely on fishing but sometimes go to Rangoon to 

 earn their livelihood when they find that the local season is 

 unfavourable. They remain there for a year or two working in boats 

 on monthly wages of Rs. IS to 20, and return home with savings. 

 They are not financed by capitalists or middlemen. No hired 

 labour is employed except on days of heavy catches and also when 

 the fish are landed at a distance of 6 or 7 miles when they engage 

 female coolies and carts for conveying fish to the yard. Sometimes 

 coolies are employed for gutting and cleaning and are remunerated 

 by 3 or 4 handfuls of fish. 



MARRIVADA. 



The fishermen are in well-to-do circumstances because in addition 

 to fishing some of them also^possess landed property from which 

 they derive an income. They also go to Rangoon and return with 

 fair savings and resemble in every respect the fishermen of Althada. 

 The curers are Jalaris and Vadas. 



GUPPIDIPETA. 



The curers and fishermen are not badly off though there are no 

 rich men among them. They are Vadas and Jalaris by caste. The 

 fishermen that own boats and nets hire others for fishing operations. 

 These hired men are not permanent coolies and do not receive 

 monthly wages nor are they paid in cash. The fish caught is divi- 

 ded into an equal number of shares, ea'^h boat and net coming in 



