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and nets on condition that half of their daily catches is given to 

 the capitalists in repayment of the sums received as advances. 

 The curing is said to be done without much attention being paid to 

 cleanliness. Hired labour is generally employed for transporting 

 and gutting fish. 



SETITBAVACHATRAM. 



The ticket-holders are Muhammadans who advance money to 

 the fishermen who are mostly poor on the following conditions. 

 Fishermen should sell all their catches to the ticket-holders from 

 whom they have taken such advances, the ticket-holders to fix the 

 price of fish and the accounts to be settled once or twice a year. 

 Hired labour is employed only in days of heavy catches and 

 labourers are paid daily wages. 



VADAKKAMMAPATNAM. 



Fishermen and ticket-holders who are Mussalmans are generally 

 poor. Some of the ticket-holders advance money to the fishermen 

 to control their boats and nets and secure all their catches at 20 

 per cent less than the current rates. Hired labour is rarely 

 employed and when coolies are employed they are paid at annas 4 

 per day. 



PASIPATNAM. 



Fishermen are generally poor and are financed by capitalists 

 who are the Mussalman ticket-holders either by loans bearing 18 

 per cent interest or as advances in agreement to sell all their 

 catches to them at a reduced rate of two annas in the rupee. The 

 ticket-holders monopolise the trade. Coolies are engaged at 3 to 4 

 annas per day. 



NAMBUTALAI AND ATTANKARAI. 



Most of the fishermen are very poor but the ticket-holders who 

 are Mussalmans are well-to-do and advance money to the fishermen 

 to secure their catches at comparatively low rates. The reason 

 why the number of ticket-holders is so few is that the Mussalman 

 ticket-holders at present control all the fishing boats and as the 

 fishermen are obliged to give up all their catches to the former 

 they could not become ticket-holders and cure their catches 

 themselves. Hired labour is generally employed for curing fish. 



RAMESWARAM AND PERIATHORAI. 



Ticket-holders are Mussalmans or Karaiyars and most of them 

 are poor. Two ticket-holders who are well-to-do advance money to 

 the fishermen on condition of their giving all their catches to them 

 at a low price. There is also another rich man who lends money 

 to the fisherfolk and ticket-holders. Hired labour is employed by 

 the rich ticket-holders and others carry on the work themselves. 



MUKKUR. 



The fishermen belong to the Parava caste who were once a 

 very powerful Hindu community who had succession of kings 

 among them with their headquarters at Mongay a famous place of 



