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zooecium is adnate, the tree part bcing less than half the total length. In this condition, terminal 

 and lateral buds are developed; the former from the distal end of the attached part of a 

 zooecium, and the latter from one of its sides. A single zooecium may give off either one or 

 two lateral buds ; in the cases observed, from one side only. All the zooecia in fig. 1 3 are still 

 in the adnate condition. In other parts, however (fig. 12), the zooecia increase greatly in length, 

 and become completely erect As described by Annandale '), in his account of the generic 

 characters, the adnate part of the zooecium becomes hardly distinguishable, or quite indistin- 

 guishable, in this state. Lateral buds may be developed at either end of the zooecium (the basal 

 and distal buds of Annandale -) ), or from a more central position ; all these conditions being 

 shown in fig. 12. 



The free portion of the zooecium is circular or oval in transverse section; and the orifice, 

 which is at the end of this part, is not sharply quadrangular, although showing indications of 

 having this shape (figs 14, 15). The free end of the zooecium appears rounded during retraction, 

 so long as the polypide is functional. When the polypide begins to degenerate, the end may 

 become pointed, as shown in one of the zooecia in fig. 12, where the degeneration is indicated 

 by the atrophy of the vestibule; the tentacles and alimentary canal not showing much change. 

 This difference of shape betvveen zooecia with and without a functional polypide is in accordance 

 with what is known of other Ctenostomes; and is alluded to below, under Valkcria atlantica. 

 The condition in which the zooecia have been preserved does not enable me to make any 

 statements about the collar. 



The parietal muscles 3 ) are unusually strong, no doubt in correlation with the thickness 

 of the ectocyst. In the proximal part of the zooecium (fig. 15) their groups include a considerable 

 number of fibres, which are so long that in a side view of the zooecium they may appear like 

 bundies of circular muscles. The groups extend along the whole length of the zooecium, the 

 number of fibres becoming less at the oral end. 



The polypide is relatively small, although sometimes considerably larger than in fig. 15, so 

 that the body-cavity is spacious. The vestibule is of moderate length, and the retracted tentacles 

 are bent at their distal end. Hincks (1880) has placed Victorella in his Campylonemidan Series, 

 characterised (p. 550) by having 8 tentacles, two of which are always everted, in the protruded 

 condition, and by having no gizzard. Kraepelin (1887, p. 95) has stated that the tentacles are 

 all straight, and are therefore not Campylonemidan, in Hincks' sense; while Loppens (1908, p. 9) 

 makes a similar statement. It is obvious that the large number of tentacles possessed by the 

 present species is a further departure from Hincks' definition. In correlation with the large 

 amount of space available in the body-cavity, the alimentary canal of the retracted polypide 

 retains its U-like character, instead of having the oesophagus bent on the pharynx. The statement 

 that there is no gizzard has been criticised by Annandale, who describes a part to which he 



1) Annandale, X., 1911', p. 194. 



2) Ibid., 1911 2 , p. 195. 



3) In his account of the genus in the "Fauna of British India", Annandale states (p. 195) that parietal muscles are absent. 

 It may be worth while to point out that an erratum-s\ip deletes this statement; slnce insertions of this kind are very apt to be lost or 

 overlooked. In his "Syst. Notes'', published in the same year, ANNANDALE has made use of the parietal muscles for the discrimination 

 of species of the genus.. 



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