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Fam. i. Victorellidae Hincks. 



Homodiaetidae Saville Kent, 1S70, Quart. J. Mier. Sci. (N. S.) X, p. 35. 

 Victorellidae Hincks, 1880, "Hist. Brit. Mar. Pol.", p. 558. 



Victorellides Loppens, 190S, "Bry. d'eau douce", Ann. Biol. lacustre, III, pp. 149, 170, 171. 

 Paludicellidae (part), Annandale, 191 1, t. cit., p. 191. 



The present Family was originally defined, unsatisfactorily, by Saville Kent, under the 

 name Homodiaetidae, for Victorclla pavida, described in the same paper as a new genus and 

 species. Kent's Family-name was replaced by Hincks, in 1S80, on the ground that a Family- 

 designation should be taken from a typical genus. Annandale has recently proposed to include 

 the Victorellidae in Paludicellidae ; but this association has been criticised by Braem *), on the 

 grounds that Victorella has a typical development of the funicular system, and that this is not 

 the case in Paludicella ; and that the former produces larvae, while the latter lays eggs 2 ). 

 Loppens (1908) has called attention to resemblances between Victorellidae and Cylindroeciidae. 



Victorella Saville Kent. 



Victorclla Saville Kent, 1870, Quart. J. Mier. Sci. (N. S.) X, p. 34. 



Victorclla Hincks, 1880, "Hist. Brit. Mar. Pol.", p. 559. 



Victorella Kraepelin, 1887, Abh. Natunv. Ver. Hamburg, X, p. 93. 



Victorella Rousselet, 1907, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 255. 



Victorella Braem, 1911, Trav. Soc. Imp. St Pétersbourg, XLII, Lief. 2, p. 30. 



Victorella Annandale, 191 1 1 , "Fauna Brit. Ind.", "Freshw. Sponges [etc.]", p. 194. 



Victorella Annandale, 1911 2 , "Syst. Notes Cten. Pol.", Ree. Ind. Mus., VI, p. 195. 



For many years after its first description by Saville Kent the genus Victorclla was 

 only known to include the single species V. pavida, which has been recorded from brackish 

 water in England, Germany and Australia 3 ). In 1887, Kraepelin 1 ) described a new species, 

 under the name of Paludicella mülleri, from the Ryckfluss at Greifswald, N. Germany, in a 

 locality where the percentage of salt in the water was about 0.3 p.c. (p. 95). This species has 

 been referred by later writers (Braem, p. 33, Annandale) to Victorella. In 1907 V. symbiotica 

 was described by Rousselet from Lake Tanganyika. In 1 9 1 1 Braem gave an account of another 

 new species, V. Continental is, from Lake Issyk-Kul, in Turkestan, from water which is described 

 (p. 4) as salt, but to so small an extent that cattle will drink it. The genus has also been 

 recorded from the salt lake Birket-el-Ourun in Egypt. Annandale 5 ) refers specimens from this 

 locality to V. symbiotica, while Braem (t. cit., p. 33) states that those he has examined belong 

 to the same group as V. pavida, etc, and that V. symbiotica belongs to another group, 

 characterised by a different structure, not particularised, of the alimentary canal. Annandale 6 ) 

 has described a new species, V. bengalensis, from fresh and brackish water pools in India. 



1) BRAEM, F., 1914, "Die Knospung v. Paludicella", Avch. f. Hydrobiol., IX, p. 546. n. 



2) Ibid., 1896, "Die geschl. Entw. v. Paludicella" ', Zoolog. Anzeiger, XIX, p. 55. 



3) WHITELEGGE, T., 1890, "List Mar. and F.w. Inv. Fauna Port Jackson", J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, XXIII, p. 322, 

 (Cook's River). 



4) Kraepelin, K., t. cit., p. ióo, text-figs on p. 159. 



5) Annandale, N., 191 i 2 , p. 197. 



6) Ibid., 19111, p. 195; 191 12, P . 197. 



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