After the mouth-cavity comes the pharynx, a long rather straight tube. The ventral 

 wal! has a fold c (fig. 126). The pharynx is entirely surrounded by strong circular muscles, 

 amongst which however muscular fibres diverge in different directions ; p and / are similarly 

 encircled by muscles. In transverse sections the pharynx is cross-shaped (fig. 127). Distally the 

 pharynx narrows and is continuous with the proximal coecum d\ at the ventral wall the fold ƒ is 

 found, full of connective tissue and muscular fibres. Fold f carries two other smaller folds g, 

 which in fig. 1 30 are no Jonger in connection with ƒ, whilst f is loose from the pharyngeal wall. 



In order to establish the resemblance to Neomenia, compare fig. 123 with Wirén's fig. 1, 

 taf. IV, (6 b ). There are some points of resemblance e. g. the mouth-cavity with the cirrhi, and 

 the proximal coecum {d - = Sh). The proboscis of Neomenia carinata may be present here in 

 folds ƒ and />, but both „Schlundleisten" (S L) are lookecl for in vain. Neomenia microsolen 

 offers points of affinity ; Neomenia Dalyelli, in which the „Schlundleisten" and proboscis are 

 absent, offers even more. Thiele's description of Neomenia grandis is not quite clear; there is 

 probably more resemblance between Neomenia grandis and carinata than between Neomenia 

 grandis and Hemimenia. We cannot however be too cautious in making comparisons, the state 

 of contraction of the pharynx being of much importance. This is confirmed by the second 

 specimen, the pharynx of which is quite straight, wide at first but very narrow further on ; 

 the folds b and c are absent ; f is present but very small. In this specimen numerous glandular 

 cells are met with around the pharynx and among the pharyngeal muscles ; pear-shaped cells 

 arranged in groups and opening into the pharynx. In the first specimen nothing of all this is 

 perceptible. For Neomenia grandis Thiele has figured similar glands but much less developed. 



The intestine is large and broad and jorovided with regular coeca. In the anterior part 

 it is exclusively constituted of ciliated epithelium ; more distally cilia are only to be indicated at 

 the dorsal wall. The intestine is entirely surrounded by a thin muscular layer. The animal feeds 

 on sponge ; in one of the specimens the alimentary canal is filled with rests of food, amongst 

 which there are numerous sponge-spicula. The short strongly ciliated rectum has a folded wall. 



Figs. 131 — 139 show the structure of the cloaca. In fig. 131 the cloaca is open ventrally; 

 in fig. 132 the ventral walls are slightly closed, which is more obvious still in fig. 133. In 

 fig. 1 34 the cloaca is closed ventrally and divides into two, the closing lips having united 

 dorsally from the penis-spicula. In that way 2 cavities are formed : the large dorsal one a 

 and the smaller ventral one b. The cavity a is clothed by cubical ciliated epithelium and leads 

 into the rectum (fig. 134). Fig. 134 represents the 2 cavities c uniting more proximally into 

 one large cavity (fig. 135). The latter is an opening in the connective tissue surrounding the 

 organs, without any proper wall, rendering it possible for the precloacal organ to be movable. 

 Blood-corpuscles are not contained in it. In fig. 137 it is seen that the precloacal organ opens 

 out into cavity b, ancl therefore into the cloaca. From a comparison with Neomenia carinata 

 it is evident that the "Vorhof" of Wirën is here a very narrow tube, provided with strong 

 muscles, and built up of strongly ciliated epithelium (b). This difference is of special importance, 

 a copulation-organ being absent here. Hence there is some resemblance to Neomenia Dalyelli. 

 The ventral part of the cloaca b does not carry gill-lamellae. 



In the dorsal cloacal portion the gill-lamellae are found. Their number is about 20, a 



