IO 



1S64 Bowerbank pp. 234, 254. PI. X, fig. 163. 



1867 Gray p. 548. 

 186S Gray p. 168. 



1868 Bowerbank p. 132. 



1874 (x) Bowerbank p. 298 — 299. PI. XLVI. fig. 1 — 5. 



1875 Bowerbank p. 295. 

 1879 O) Carter p. 148 — 149. 

 1884 Ridley pp. 376, 481. 



1888 Sollas p. 272—273. PI. XL, fig. 7. 



1897 Lindgren p. 485. 



1898 Lindgren pp. 327 — 328, 365, 366, 368. PI. 18, fig. 26a — d, b '. 

 1900 Thiele p. 72 — jt,. 



Placospongia intcrmedia Soll. 

 1888 Sollas p. 272 — 273. 

 1891 («) Keiler pp. 324, 326. 



1897 Lendenfeld p. 52. 



1898 Lindgren p. 365 — 368. 



According to Sollas P. intcrmedia is distinguished from P. cariuata 1" by the presence 

 of the spheraster, and 2' 1 by the absence of the "remarkable spiraster which characterises the 

 latter species". We shall see below that the presence or absence of spherasters is not a 

 constant character. Both in P. carinata and in P. melobesioides spherasters are never very 

 abundant ; in some specimens they are exceedingly rare and in some we failed to find them at 

 all. — As to the "remarkable spiraster" of P. carinata, we found that there is no fundamental 

 difference between forms with smooth spines and those in which the primary spines are provided 



with secondary ones in various ways (Cf. infra p. 12). It seems to us that the "spirasters 



distinguished by a short thick spire and large conical spines," and which Sollas says were 

 found in P. intcrmedia, are nothing but our parenchymal spinispirae. If this be so, the conclusion 

 must be that P . intcrmedia is synonymous with P. carinata. 



Placospongia mixta Thiele. 



1900 Thiele p. 72 — 73. PI. III, fig. 25 a — c. 



This "new species" is made after a single incrusting specimen of three centimeters, and 

 is said to form a connecting link between the "other species," possessing "ahnliche Spiraster 

 wie P. carinata und ziemlich grosse Sphaeraster von der Art, wie sie Sollas von P. intcrmedia, 

 merkwürdigerweise aber auch von P. melobesioides erwahnt." After what we said about the 

 spherasters of C. intcrmedia, it follows that P. mixta is another synonym of P. carinata. 



L o c a 1 i t y and D e p t h . 



Stat. 99. 6° 7'. 5 N., 120 26' E. 16—23 M. [1458J. 



Stat. 99. 6° 7'. 5 N., 120 26' E. 16—23 M. [1458]. 



Stat. 164. i 42'-5 S., i30°47'.sE. 32 M. [311b, 311c, 311e. 311 f, 1004, 1848, 1850, 



1852, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857]. 



Stat. 213. Saleyer. up to 36 M. f577]. 

 Stat. 250. Kur-Island. 20 — 45 M. [1500]. 

 Stat. 273. Aru-Islands. 13 M. [163 a, 163 b 



