22 HYDROIDA 11 



Grammaria immersa Nutting. 

 1901 Grammaria immersa, Nutting, Papers from the Harrhnan Alaska Expedition, p. 178, pi. XXI, 



figs. 5, 6. 



The colonies form stiff, but finely built, irregularly ramified rhizocaulomes. The hydrothecse 

 pass over into the stolon without marked constriction, their basal limit is formed by the series of small 

 chitiuous bodies to which the base of the hydranth is attached. Diaphragm lacking. The hydrothecse 

 are tubular, highly curved in the distal part, and with no outward curvature of the opening margin. 

 The aperture is normally turned somewhat obliquely down; more rarely, we may find the plane of 

 the aperture parallel with the branch axis. The short freely projecting part has an upper (adcauline) 

 wall in front of the stolons, its length being almost invariably less than half the diameter of the 

 aperture. 



The gonothecae are collected in close (hermaphroditic?) coppinise, the tubes of which are highly 

 curved, making a close network outside the gonothecae. 



Material : 



Iceland: 8 miles E. of Seydisfjord, depth 60 fathoms (labelled Grammaria abietina). 



Grammaria immersa is an arctic character species; only quite exceptionally does it seem to 

 penetrate into the boreal regions. It is circumpolar, and belongs to the littoral region. 



Gen. Lictorella (Allman). 



Upright colonies with sympodial growth. The hydrothecse deep bell-shaped to tubular, often 

 exhibiting a slight asymmetrical development; they have a low yet strong diaphragm, but lack opercular 

 apparatus. Nematothecse and nematophores lacking. Gastral endoderm of the polyps uniformly 

 developed. 



Lictorella pinnata (G. O. Sars) Allman. 

 1874 Lafoea pinnata, G. O. Sars, Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider, p. 94, tab. 4, figs. 25 — 28. 

 1874 Iialecioides, Allman, Report on the Hydroida .... Porcupine, p. 471, pi. 66, figs. 1, 1 a. 



1888 Lictorella Iialecioides pars, Allman, Challenger Report vol. XIII, p. 35. 

 nee 1907 Lafoea pinnata, Browne, Hydroids collected by the "Huxley", p. 25. 



Upright, single or double pinnate colonies, generally in one main plane, with polysiphonie 

 main stem. The hydrothecse alternating in two rows along the branches, with a tendency to unilateral 

 arrangement; the hydrothecse all turned obliquely forward towards the one side (front) of the colony. 

 The hydrothecse are narrowly bell-shaped, with slightly everted opening margin; transition to stalk 

 gradual. The hydrotheca has a low but strongly developed diaphragm. Stalk generally short, with an 

 oblique furrow on the upper side, at times also a furrow running right round the stalk lower down. 

 The latter furrow runs transversely to the stalk. Polyps with uniform gastral endoderm. 



The gonothecse are collected in an openly constructed scapus on the stem or main branches. 



