ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 495 



smaller cells were formed by repeated septation of the liypha, or short 

 branchlets were formed. The ends of these are pear-shaped, the larger 

 end being applied to the gonidial membrane, giving the appearance of 

 the gonidimn being cut off from the hypha, and this form evidently 

 aids the osmotic interchange of cell-contents between hyphae and gonidia. 

 At the point of contact the liypha puts forth short processes or haustoria, 

 which pierce the membrane of the gonidimn and branch within the cell, 

 forming a network of delicate hyphae over the cell-contents ; secondary 

 hanstoria then penetrate the protoplasm and rob the cell. The author 

 noted swellings in the hyphae of the network, which may be due to over- 

 snpply of nourishment or may represent some stage in the development 

 of the fungus not properly understood. In addition he found within 

 the gonidimn well-developed hyphae which gradually fill it and after its 

 final destruction grow out and attack other gonidia. 



Danilov states that the gonidia become deformed and finally die, and 

 as a proof of this he adduces the presence of gonidia in the thallns with 

 shrivelled protoplasm of irregular form, which gradually disappears, 

 giving place to hyphae, the presence of colourless gonidia in the thallus 

 filled with the hyphal network, and the presence of empty gonidial 

 membranes. Still further evidence he finds in the increased division of 

 gonidia chat have been attacked, the daughter-cells in turn becoming 

 invaded by the hyphae. He concludes that there is no doubt as to the 

 parasitism of the hyphae upon the algae, and he also hazards the theory 

 that possibly the gonidia that finally become free contain within them 

 some " mycoplasm " or protoplasmic pro-embryo that may develop later 

 into hypha}. 



Lichens of Aragon.* — P. Longinos Navas describes the structure of 

 thallus and apothecia of lichens, and gives instructions as to the best 

 methods of collecting and preserving the different kinds. He advises 

 the use of reagents, and gives the quantities and properties of those that 

 should be employed. In the systematic part of his paper he deals with 

 the genera Lobaria, Rieasolia, and Sticta. 



Lecidea mougeotioides Schaer. in Britain.f — E. N. Rloomfield com- 

 municates the substance of a letter received so long ago as 1879 from 

 C. Larbalestier, in which the latter identified a lichen sent to him by 

 E. N. Bloomfield from Fairlight Undercliff, near Hastings. The lichen, 

 which is found chiefly in mountainous localities in Central and South 

 Europe, has been determined as synonymous with Rinodina orcina Wain. 

 It is a conspicuous plant, with a somewhat lemon-yellow thallus, 

 variegated with black and with a distinct border. The lichen has not 

 been recorded since its first gathering in December 1877. 



Cufino, Luigi — Species Cryptogamarum a cl. Prof. F. Gallina in Erythraea col- 

 lectae. (Cryptogamic species collected in Erythraa by Prof. F. Gallina.) 

 [A number of licbens are included in the list.] 



Malpighia, xxiii. (1909) pp. 245-6. 



Hasse, H. E. — Additions to the Lichen-flora of Southern California. 

 [Five species have boen added, two of them new to scionce.] 



Bryologist, xiii. (1910) pp. GO-2. 



• Bol. Soc. Arag. Cienc. Nat., ix. (1910) pp. 34-45 (9 figs.), 

 t Journ. Bot., xlviii. (1910) p. 141. 



