ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 491 



stalk, and causes discoloration and decay of the tissues — hence the name 

 " black rot." The author strongly urges the destruction of all fallen 

 fruit. 



Ethel M.Doridge* describes a leaf-blight of pear and quince, and also 

 of other fruit trees. It is caused by a minute fungus, Entomosporium 

 maculatum. All the leaves of a tree may be attacked, and the tree thus 

 seriously injured. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is recommended. 



G-. Massee f describes a disease of coffee called " spot disease," which 

 is caused by Stilbum flavidum. Massee failed to induce the conidio- 

 spores of Stilbum to germinate, but on some old berries he found an 

 ascigerous form, Spliserostilbe flavida sp. n., and inoculation experiments 

 with the ascospores reproduced the Stilbum stage. 



G. Ihssen % describes the history and development of the " snow 

 disease," a Fusarium fungus that attacks various Graminea;. Ihssen 

 describes more particularly its effect on rye-plants. He made a series of 

 inoculation experiments, and succeeded in identifying it with Nectria 

 graviiuicola, of which it is the conidial stage. The perithecial fruits 

 develop on the dead leaves, etc., of grasses. 



In a series of notes on Plant Pathology, J. B. Pollock § describes a 

 case of parasitism of Ganoderma sessile. It grew on maple as a wound- 

 parasite ; it did not seem to be able to attack the cambium, but it com- 

 pletely destroyed the exposed wood, both sap and heart- wood, so that 

 the trunk was decayed right to the centre. Another wound-parasite, 

 Polystictus hirsutus, grew on mountain ash. The diseased condition was 

 slowly progressive, but eventually the trees were killed. 



Pollock also describes a conidial form of Sclerotinia on Primus sero- 

 tina — Monilia Seaveri ; it is a serious parasite and destroys the leaves. 

 Sclerotinia fructiijena is also discussed by the author and S. aestivalis sp.n. 

 on mummified apples. No conidial stage of the latter was found. 



G. Dorogin || describes a case of disease of Ulmus campestris. The 

 leaves were marked with the yellowish circular spots of Glozosporium 

 inconsptcuum var. campestris var. n. No later stage of the fungus was 

 found. 



L. RichterlT takes note of some Portuguese plant diseases reported 

 by J. V. d'Almeida : a black disease of artichokes caused by Ramularia ; 

 the withering of begonia leaves due to Phyllosticta Begonise ; the mildew 

 of oaks, which has also spread to Portugal, though not yet very abundant ; 

 and a canker of chestnut trees caused by Goryneum perniciosum. 



Vitality of Spores.** — Spores of Mucor Mucedo, M. racemosus, Rhi- 

 zopus niger, Sterigmatocgstis nigra, and Aspergillus glaums were slowly 

 dried during two weeks at a temperature of 35° C, and enclosed in tubes 

 and exposed for three weeks to the temperature of liquid air and then of 

 liquid hydrogen during 77 hours. AYith all care the spores were subse- 

 quently sowed on sterilized culture media and germinated in 16 hours 



* Transvaal Agric. Jouru , viii. (1910) pp. 465-6 (1 pi.). 

 t Kew Bull., viii. (l'JO'J) pp.- 337-41 (1 fig.). 

 X Centralbl. Bakt., xxvii (1910) pp. 48-6G (1 pi. and 8 figs.). 

 § Eleventh Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. Darwin Cent. Publ., l'JO'J, pp. 48-53. 

 i! Zeitschr. I'i'anzenkr., xx. (1'JIO) pp. 261-2 (2 figs.). 

 U Tom. cit., pp. 263-4. ** Comptes Rendus, cl. (l'JIO) pp. 1437-9. 



