454 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



in Orchesella and Tomoceros, from the lateral lobes of the protocerebmm. 

 They have other features in common, and are probably homologous 

 throughout the Collembola. The author inquires into their phylogenetic 

 significance. He discusses also the physiological significance of the 

 organ, and finds anatomical reasons sufficient for regarding it as auditory. 



5. Arachnida. 



Functions of Lymphatic Gland of Scorpion.* — Max Kollmann has 

 studied this gland in Buthus occitanus, where it consists of a series of 

 masses attached along the nerve-chain in the cephalothoracic and pras- 

 abdominal region. Each mass is penetrated by ramifications of the 

 sub-neural lacuna, which divide it into nodules separated by irregular 

 spaces filled with blood. 



This " gland of Blanchard " is a lymphogenic organ. It is not 

 phagocytic. It has a structure exactly like that of the lymphogenic 

 organs of Crustaceans, but its function is intermittent. 



Catalogue of Nearctic Spiders.j — Nathan Banks has prepared a 

 catalogue of North American spiders, including over 1300 species. He 

 says that there will be certainly 2000 when the West and South are 

 explored as thoroughly as New England now is. The largest family is 

 the Theridiidas with 20<s species ; the Attidas come next ; two other 

 families, the Lycosida3 and Epeiridas, have over 100 species in each. 



Behaviour of Spiders. J — Thos. H. Montgomery, jun., describes 

 some of the peculiar ways of spiders. In Phidippus, Drassus, etc., the 

 process of " sperm-induction " was watched. A special sperm-bridge is 

 spun, a droplet of sperm is placed upon it on the side next the spider's 

 body, then the palpi are applied alternately against the opposite side 

 and charged. In Ariadna the mouth (or salivary secretion) is used to 

 agglutinate the eggs, which is unique. In Ariadna, like Dysdera, there 

 is no special cocoon for the eggs, though both build nests. Experiments 

 show 7 that young Lycosids are unable to bite their own way out of the 

 cocoon ; the mothers bite it open along the fine of the junction of base 

 and cover. There seems to be stridulation in the genus Geotrecha, but 

 this may appeal to touch, not hearing. There is no proof that spiders 

 can hear. The process of copulation is described in a number of types. 



Spiders of Spain.§ — E. Fernandez Galiano gives a list of the known 

 species of spiders in Spain, with notes on their local distribution. 



New Gall-mite on Hawthorn. || — J. Cotte describes Eriopliycs 

 cratseyumplicans, which makes galls on the upper surface of leaves of 

 Cratieijm oxyaccmthoides. The galls have no hairs. In the case of 

 Eriopkyes yoniothorax, which seems scarcely able to live except on the 

 leaves of Cratseyus monogyna, the margins of the leaves are rolled up, 

 and there is abnormal development of hairs. Here we have to re- 

 cognize physiological specific characters. 



* Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxv. (1910) pp. 25-30. 



t U.S. Nat. Museum, Bull. 72, 1910, pp. 1-80. 



j Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1909, pp. 548-69. 



§ Mem. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. vi. (1910) pp. 343-424. 



|| C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxviii. (1910) pp. G43-6. 



