446 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



contribute their material under any condition which uses up the ordinary 

 supplies of energy, as for example under excessive work or long-continued 

 starvation. 



Internal Reticulum in Ganglion-cells.* — R. Legendre has made 

 numerous experiments, which corroborate his previous conclusion that 

 the fine reticulum described by Golgi inside nerve-cells is due to the 

 chromatophilous substance in the cytoplasm. It may be that it is simply 

 a particular aspect of the kinoplasm, or ergastoplasm, brought out by the 

 silver treatment. 



Blood of Amphibians.f — A. Freidsohn finds that the leucocytes with 

 polymorphic nuclei and the medullary leucocytes, and, perhaps, also the 

 pigment-leucocytes, arise from the same type of cell — small spherical 

 cells with a large spherical nucleus and a very narrow basophil plasmic 

 margin. The red blood-corpuscles have a similar origin. These origi- 

 native cells are like lymphocytes in Mammals, and should be called 

 lymphocytes. They are relatively more numerous in younger and in 

 simpler types. They are ontogenetically and phylogenetically primitive 

 forms of blood-cell. 



Glycogen of Muscle.J — J. Arnold discusses the occurrence of glycogen 

 in the frog's striped muscle. There is none in the fibrils. It is asso- 

 ciated with the sarcosomes, which lie longitudinally (corresponding to 

 the inter-columnar spaces) or transversely, and appear as discrete granules 

 or as networks, according to the amount of glycogen. The whole con- 

 stitution of the muscle-fibre is discussed. 



Hyaline Cartilage in Mammals.§ — J. Renaut and C. Dubreuil find 

 that the matrix forms, increases, and reaches maturity outside the cyto- 

 plasm, around the cells and in the interspaces between their anastomosing 

 prolongations. When the matrix reaches its typical differentiation the 

 prolongations which have helped to form it can no longer live, and 

 mobile cells can no longer penetrate. 



Calcification of Selachian Cartilage. || — W. Lubosch discusses the 

 deposition of lime which occurs in the intercellular substance, leaving 

 the cartilage-cells intact. The deposition is not at random, but is related 

 to particular requirements, forming, for instance, in certain joints of 

 Raja, what may be compared to epiphyses in Mammals. In both cases 

 there is an adaptation to conditions of special pressure. Other instances 

 are given to illustrate the adaptive character of the calcification. 



Minute Structure of Tonsils. 1f — G. Ming has made an elaborate 

 study of the tonsils in various Mammals. A true " tonsilla " is charac- 

 terised by the cytoblastic character and the thickening of the mucous 

 membrane, by the occurrence of secondary lymph-nodules in the cyto- 

 blastic tissue, by an increase in the surface of the mucous membrane, 

 and by a more or less distinct definition from adjacent structures. 



* Anat. Anzeig., xxxvi. (1910) pp. 207-17 (6 figs.), 

 t Arch. Mikr. Anat., lxxv. (1910) pp. 435-72 (1 pi.). 

 X Op. cit., lxxiii. (1909) pp. 265-S7(2 pis.). 

 § C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxviii. (1910) pp. 599-601. 

 || Anat. Anzeig.. xxxv. (1909) pp. 1-8 (8 figs.), 

 f Morpbol. Jahrb., xl. (1910) pp. G21-56 (1 pi. and 7 figs.). 



