ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. ■ 5 



the nuclei pair and pass into the ascogonial hyphse. The nuclei undergo 

 conjugate division ; finally two nuclei fuse to form the primary ascus 

 nucleus. A peridium is formed by the branching of the stalk-cells of 

 antheridium and ascogonium. The author places Monascus in the 

 Plectascinea?. 



Species of Taphrina on Betula.*— 0. Juel gives an account of ten 

 species of this fungus that occur on Betulse. Some of them give rise to 

 witches' brooms ; others form spots on leaves, and a third section cause 

 deformations either of the leaves or the twigs. One species, Taphrina 

 nana, forms small witches' brooms on Betula nana, and is only known 

 in northern lands. 



Oidiopsis taurica.-j - — E. Foex is of opinion that the development of 

 the mycelium of the fungus, whether external or internal, depends on the 

 structure of the host leaves : if they are hairy, then the external mycelium 

 is abundant, as' in Mercurialis tommtosa and Phlomis herba-venti. In 

 Onobryehis sativa, which bears only simple and slender hairs, the 

 mycelium is developed within the leaf, sparing always the epidermis, 

 but sending haustoria into the mesophyll cells ; the conidiophores pass 

 out through the stomata. Rene Maire considered that the endophytic 

 condition of this fungus was an adaptation to dry atmospheric con- 

 ditions, but in the case of Onobryehis it has passed to a non-xerophilous 

 plant. 



Notes on Phylogenesis in Yeasts. % — Guilliermond repeats his 

 previous statements of the relation between Endomycetes and Saccharo- 

 mycetes, the latter having, he considers, been derived from an ancestor 

 closely related to Endomyces fibuliyer. He now finds that Saccharo- 

 mycopsis capsular is is closely related to Endomyces Jibuliger, and he 

 proposes to place it in the same genus, Endomyces. He traces the 

 connection of the various species of Endomyces with each other, and 

 with the true yeasts. 



Hyphomycetes.§ — G. Lindau is nearing the end of the volume on 

 Hyphomycetes. The fascicle last issued deals with, among others, such 

 obscure genera as Hymenella, Sclerococcum, Epiclinitim, and Cheiromyces. 

 For the sake of completeness, the author has included Sclerotium as a 

 genus, and he gives the published diagnoses of a large number of 

 species, though many of those described, such as ergot, have been 

 satisfactorily identified with a more definite fruiting form. Ectostroma 

 is another equally unsatisfactory genus, being merely blackish spots in 

 which mycelium grows. Lindau remarks that the naming of such 

 growth is worthless so long as no more definite fruit-form is developed. 



(Edocephalum glomerulosum, the Conidial Form of Pyronema 

 omphalodes.|| — Ernest W. Schmidt found the hyphomycetous fungus 



* Svensk. Bot. Tidsskr., iii. (1909) pp. 183-91 (3 pis ). See also Bot. Zeit., lxvii. 

 (1909) p. 287. 



t Ann. Ecole Nat. Agric. Montpellier, n.s. viii. (1909) 12 pp., 5 pis. See also 

 Bot. Centralbl., cxi. (1909) p. 565. 



X Centralbl. Bakt., xxix. (1909) pp. 480-2. 



§ Rabenborst's Kryptogamen-Flora, 9<* Abt., Lief. 115 (Leipzig, 1909) pp. 

 025-88. || Centralbl. Bakt., xxv. (1909) pp. 60-5. 



