ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 585 



and puzzling form, Sympodium salomonmse sp. n., spreads as a membrane 

 over weathered coral. The puzzling Bellonella indica Thomson and 

 Henderson is really a species of Erythropodium (a sub-genus of Alcyo- 

 tiium). The difficult form Paranephthya pratti Thomson and Henderson 

 requires a new genus, for which the name Sclerella is proposed. It is 

 probably an annectent genus, like Dactylonephthya, Cactogorgia, Agari- 

 coides, and Stuihriotes, binding together Alcyonids, Nephthyids, and 

 Siphonogorgids. In Stereomphthya macrospiculata some of the spicules 

 attain the length of 1 cm., the longest and strongest Alcyonarian spicules 

 as yet recorded. The authors believe that Ghironephthya must be 

 merged in Siphonogorgia. Simpson's interesting genus Cactogorgia finds 

 another representative, G. lampas sp. n. The contrast between Melitodss 

 and Wrightella is defined. 



Telesto rosea.* — Kumao Kinoshita describes a peculiar structure in 

 the main stem of this species. When the colony reaches a certain size 

 a new zone of spicules is laid down from the base upwards, outside what 

 has been already formed, and gradually a zoned structure results. As 

 many as six rings may be seen separated by zones of rnesogloea without 

 spicules, and penetrated by longitudinal solenia. 



Development of Lucernarids.|— W. Wietrzykowski has studied in 

 particular Haliclgstus odoradiatu*. The eggs and sperms are liberated 

 simultaneously about eight o'clock in the evening in July and August. 

 There are two polar bodies, and the first cleavage forms two almost equal 

 blastomeres. The whole segmentation is total and equal ; a planula is 

 formed with the endodermic cells radially disposed around the future 

 axis. After a short period of free life the planula fixes itself and several 

 stages are described, the oldest reared having four tentacles. 



Cleavage of Ctenophore Ovum.} — X. Yatsu has studied the egg of 

 Beroe and ■ made experiments on its cleavage. The ovum shows an 

 extraordinary structure, while its cleavage belongs to a rather common 

 type. The central mass is a watery alveolar substance. There is a 

 shallow vegetative furrow and a lateral elongation of the egg. The 

 "cleavage head" is formed at first as a shallow indentation. As it 

 grows deeper, beautiful spinnings of hyaloplasm are to be seen along the 

 walls. The cleavage head is a saddle-like thickening of ectoplasm, with 

 a fine alveolar structure. Rays can be seen it, but they do not extend 

 into the entoplasm. Below are found compressed alveoli of entoplasm. 

 This shows clearly that the cleavage head is itself actually pushing 

 downwards. " The egg of Beroe, is cut by the contraction of the saddle- 

 like (in later stages ring-shaped) accumulation of ectoplasm (the cleavage 

 head in optical section) uninfluenced by other structures, such as nuclei, 

 centres, and amount of cytoplasm." 



Ontogeny and Phytogeny of Hydroids.§ — Alfred Kiihn discusses the 

 development of the reproductive polyps in ^orynidse, Cladonemidae, 



* Annot. Zool. Japon, vii. (1910) pp. 209-11 (1 fig.). 

 t Arch. Zool. Exper., v. (1910) Notes et Revue, pp. x.-xxvii. (12 figs.). 

 % Proc. Seventh Internat. Zool. Congress. 1907 (1910) 4 pp. (4 figs.). 

 § Zool. Jahrb., xxx. (1910) pp. 42-174 (8 pis. and 16 figs.). 



Oct, 19th, 1910 2 R 



