ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. L67 



front of it, the stomodasal invagination arise simultaneously. Ln the 

 posterior region the primordium of the endoderm arises slightly before 

 the appearance of the proctodseal invagination. There soon comes about 

 a coalescence of the endoderm-primodia with the stoniodaeurn and the 

 proctodeum. The authors make an interesting series of seven different 

 ways in which the mid-gut epithelium is established iu Pterygota. 



Studies on Aphides,* — Albert Tnllgren discusses the sub-family 

 Pemphiginse and its various tribes — Vacunina, Hormaphidina, Mindarina, 

 Pemphigina, Schizoneuriua, Anceciina. 



New Genera of Thysanoptera.f — R. S. Bagnall describes two large 

 and interesting forms from Venezuela — Anactinothrips meinerti g. et sp. n., 

 in the Phlceothripid group, and Actinotlirips longicornis g. et sp. n., in the 

 Idolothripid group of the Tubilifera. The author calls attention to an 

 organ, or set of organs, first discovered by Tryborn, which apparently 

 exists in all Thysanoptera, and is found at the base of the femur near the 

 line of union with the trochanter, taking the form of a thinly chitinised 

 area, or areas, of varying shapes. 



Injurious Insects.:}: — The oyster-shell bark-scale (Aspidiotus ostrese- 

 formis) which is injurious to various fruit-trees in Britain, and the brown 

 scale of the gooseberry and currant (Leccmium persicse var. ribis), are the 

 subject of two recent leaflets from the Board of Agriculture. 



Ectoparasites and Endoparasites of Grouse. § — A. E. Shipley begins 

 with the Mallophaga (Goniodes tetmonis Denny, Nirmus earner atus 

 Nitzsch), the Hippoboscid grouse-fly (Omiihomyia lagopodis Sharp), and 

 two fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinulse Dale and C. garei Rothsch.). A fly, 

 Seatophaga stercoraria, which lays its eggs in grouse-droppings, is also 

 discussed. The following Acarina were studied : Ixodes ricinus L., Aleuro- 

 bius farinse de Geer, and Gamasus coleoptratorum L. 



Three species of tapeworm (two of Davainea and one of Hymenolepis) 

 are found in the alimentary canal, and the question is as to their previous 

 host. A slug (Arion empirieorum) found in the crop was sectioned with- 

 out showing any cysts. Various Copepods in the moor streams were 

 tried without result. It is probable that some insect is the source of 

 infection. Artificially-reared grouse showed no Davainea nor Hgmeno- 

 Jepis ; and another notable fact is that grouse three weeks old often 

 contain fully grown Davainea, which shows infection must be very early. 

 Attention is directed to moth-larvae which occur in rushes. Many re- 

 mains of insects were found in the grouse, though sportsmen and game- 

 keepers usually maintain that the bird eats no insects. 



#• Myriopoda. 



Abnormal Pair of Limbs in Lithobius. — F. G. Sinclair || refers to 

 a case described by Doncaster, and gives it a different interpretation. 

 The abnormalities in Myriopods may be reduplications in the transverse 



* Arkiv Zool., v. (1909) pp. 1-190 (92 figs.). 

 t Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) xxx. (1909) pp. 329-35 (1 pi.). 



X Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leaflets No. 210 and 223 (1909) 8 pp. 

 (6 figs.). § Proc. Zool. Soc. 1909, pp. 309-34 (13 pis.). 



I| Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, xv. (1909) p. 235. 



