ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 607 



The latter view gains considerable support from Goebel's recent study of 

 Monoselenium. He then passes on to his third chapter— Anacrogynous 

 Jungerinanniales,a group which he divides into four families— Aneuraceae, 

 BlyttiaceaB, Codoniacete, Calobryacese. He then discusses their inter-rela- 

 tionships, summing them up in a pedigree table, where he shows two main 

 branches. The Aneura line leads up to Symphyoyyna, etc., and the 

 Pellia line leads up to Fossombronia and the acrogynous hepatics. 



Primitive Form of the Liverworts.* — J. P. Lotsy replies to a 

 criticism of a passage in his Vortrage fiber botanische Starnmes- 

 geschichte, and briefly explains how he tried to determine what was the 

 primitive form of the liverworts. The question was this : Which hepatic 

 shows the greatest similarity to the Algge ? Anthoceros was ruled out 

 because of its highly-developed 2 ^-generation. Riccia, also, which has 

 a lowly 2 .r-generation, was ruled out on account of the high develop- 

 ment of its ^-generation. Sphserocarpus is the most simple surviving 

 hepatic, but its 2 ^-generation is too highly developed — is higher than 

 that of Riccia. The primitive hepatic must have had a very simple 

 thallus and sporophyte, recalling Sphserocarpus and Riccia respectively. 

 Accordingly he gave' to this hypothetical form the name Sphsero riccia. 



Acolea and Marsupella.f — 0. Massalongo has published a mono- 

 graph of the Italian species of Acolea and MarsupeUa. The former 

 genus is characterized by the want of a perianth, and the latter genus 

 by the presence of a perianth. As regards vegetative characters, each of 

 the genera has two analogous groups of forms ; and if the perianth - 

 character were disregarded the two genera could be united. But 

 Massalongo prefers to keep them distinct. For Acolea he minutely de- 

 scribes six Italian species, and for MarsupeUa eleven, supplying keys for 

 their easier determination, and appending full synonymy and distribution. 



Chiloscyphus and Heteroscyphus. £ — V. Schiffner discusses Chilo- 

 scyphus and the new genus Heteroscyphus. The old Chiloscyphus is a 

 heterogeneous group, uniform in the character of its fertile branch 

 and perianth, but very diverse in habit and in the character of the 

 androecium. There are two types of androecium. 1. In Chiloscyphus 

 proper, containing all the European species, the androecia are intercalary 

 on the main stem or on the equal side branches, the bracts being like the 

 sterile leaves. 2. In Heteroscyphus the androecia are small, amentiferous, 

 and apparently ventral, and the bracts are small and unlike the stem- 

 leaves. The species of Heteroscyphus are almost all exotic. Schiffner 

 defines these two genera, and enumerates the species referable to each, 

 and gives a list of over twenty species the androecia of which are un- 

 known. It may be that a third genus will have to be set up. 



Bryological Notes.§ — V. Schiffner publishes another instalment of 

 his brvological fragmenta. 58. The unknown Jungermannia flaccida of 

 Hfibener ^s, on the evidence of the original specimen from the Harz 



* Bot. Gaz., xlix. (1910) pp. 460-1. 

 + Atti R. 1st. Veneto, lxix. (1909) pp. 109-50 (figs.). 

 J Oester-. Bot. Zeitschr., lx. (1910) pp. 169-73. 

 § Tom. cit. pp. 271-5. 



