ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 727 



from Florida. The sixth, Forties bernardi Gravier, is known only from 

 Gabon and San Thome. As the author points out, this record raises 

 very interesting questions. 



New Japanese Muriceids.* — K. Kinoshita describes FiligeUa mitsu- 

 kurii sp. n., and in doing so revives Gray's genus FiligeUa, with which he 

 merges Elasmoyoryia. He also describes Acis ijimai sp. n. and A. miya- 

 jimai sp. n., and gives a fresh diagnosis of the genus. 



Revision of Gorgonellidss.f — J. J. Simpson has tackled an extremely 

 difficult task in his revision of the Gorgonellidae, and he is to be con- 

 gratulated on having reduced the Juncellids to order. He recognizes 

 only three valid genera — Juncella, Nicella, and Scirpearia — and gives 

 emended diagnoses of these. His general scheme is as follows : — - 



Division 1. Spicules include clubs (Juncella). 



Division 2. Spicules do not include clubs. 



A. Spicules include long warty spindles and small double-clubs 



{Nicella). 



B. Spicules include double-clubs and elongated double-clubs 



(Scirpearia). 

 The memoir deals with 4 species of Juncella, 16 of Scirpearia, and 4 of 

 Nicella. The genera known as Ellisella, Scirpearella and Ctenocella are 

 suppressed. 



Japanese Medusae.:}:— Kamakichi Kishinouye describes a number of 

 new forms, e.g. Thaumatoscyphus distinctus g etsp. n., a Stenoscyphid 

 with eight principal tentacles transformed into small and slender bodies, 

 not adhesive ; Neopelagia eximia g. et sp. n., a Pelagid with four per- 

 radial and four interradial tentacles in the place of eight principal sensory 

 clubs. A number of Hydroinedusse are also described, e.g. Urashimea 

 globosa g. etsp. n., a Cladonemid with four radial canals, four amenti- 

 form tentacles, meridional bands of nematocysts on the ex -umbrella, and 

 four interradial hollow spaces between ex-umbrella and sub-umbrella 

 (" inter-umbrellar spaces") ; Scolionema gemmifera g. et sp. n., an Olindiid 

 with two kinds of tentacles. 



Light Reactions of Gonionemus.§ — Louis Murbach has experi- 

 mented with this small jellyfish. He finds that change of light intensity, 

 not light per se, is a normal stimulus for its reactions. The medusas 

 do not usually direct their movements to favourable situations, but 

 continue to make random movements until they come into an optimum 

 environment. Relative intensity of light, and not ray direction, deter- 

 mines the place of rest. Intense light may direct the medusas, causing 

 them to turn away from its source. Ordinary light seems to be important 

 for the up-swimming activity, though it is not directive. The directive 

 stimulus is due to gravity. Contact of the bell with air may cause the 

 inhibition of movement and relaxation, allowing inversion of the bell 

 by gravity. 



* Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxvii. (1909) No. 7, pp. 1-16 (2 pis.). 

 t Journ. R. Irish Acad., xxviii. sect. B, No. 7 (1910) pp. 247-386 (19 pis.). 

 \ Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, xxvii. (1910) pp. 1-35 (5 pis.). 

 § Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci., xi. (1909) pp. 126-31 (5 figs.). 



