ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 299 



which the foot retains considerable prehensile powers, e.g. in rowing, or 

 in lifting objects from the ground. Some can even catch mice with 

 their feet. 



Os Penis and Os Clitoris in Apes.*- -Ulrich Gerhardt describes 

 the os penis in Hylobates leuciscus, Siamanga syndactylus, Simia satgrus, 

 Trotjloilytcs niger, etc., and the os clitoris in orang and siamang. 



Nails of Primates.! — Fanny Bruhns gives a detailed account of 

 the structure and disposition of the nails in lemurs and monkeys, with 

 special reference to the phytogeny of the nails in man. 



Restoration of Ancient British Race of Horses4 — J- Cossar 

 Ewart has tried by crossing ponies of different breeds, e.g. Connemara, 

 Shetland, and Arab, to reconstruct or re-create the Celtic pony of pre- 

 historic times. Of some forty crosses eventually produced, some belong 

 to the robust " forest " type, some are a blend of the " forest " and 

 " plateau " types, in others there is a suggestion of the Prjevalsky 

 (" steppe ") type, while several in their limbs, teeth, and skull, closely 

 agree with the 12*2 hands pony found at the Roman fort of Newstead. 

 The results strongly suggest that the ponies of north-western Europe 

 are mainly a blend of a coarse-limbed, broad-browed, short-faced race of 

 the " elephant bed " or Solutre type, and a fine-limbed race characterised 

 by a fine muzzle and short-pillared molars, a race (like asses and zebras) 

 without hind chestnuts and (unlike asses and zebras and the wild horse 

 of Mongolia) without fetlock callosities or ergots. 



Asymmetry of Cetacean Skull.§ — Frederick Houssay expounds an 

 ingenious theory, similar to one of Kukentkal's, as to the origin of the 

 asymmetry in the Cetacean skull. The primitive Cetacean is supposed 

 to have had a tendency to roll round on its own axis : the flippers 

 counteract this ; the result is dissymetrical pressure on the head, and this 

 brings about a deformation of the skull. This general idea is developed 

 in detail. Direct adaptation appears to be postulated. 



Macroscelida3.|| — Albertina Carlsson discusses the characters and 

 position of these interesting Insectivores, contrasting the three genera — ■ 

 Rhynchocyon, Petrodromus, and Macroscelides. The affinities are closest 

 with the Erinaceidaa, from the old stock of which the Macroscelids have 

 probably arisen, but there are also marked affinities with the Tupaiidre. 

 A very instructive tabular contrast of the three families is given. 



Significance of Milk Dentition.^" — W. Leche discusses the very in- 

 teresting dentition of the badger and of Proteles, and finds additional 

 evidence that the milk dentition represents a phylogenetically older state 

 of affairs, being less differentiated than the permanent dentition, and 

 without some of its specialised adaptations. 



* Anat. Anzeig., xxxv. (1909) pp. 353-8 (6 figs.). 



+ Morphol. Jahrb., xl. f 1910) pp. 501-609 (131 figs.). 



X Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, xxx. (1910) pp. 291-311 (27 figs.). 



§ Anat. Anzeig, xxxvi. (1910) pp. 12-17 (1 fig). 



il Zool. Jahrb., xxviii. (1909) pp. 349-400 (11 figs.). 



If Tom. cit., pp. 449-56 (1 pi.). 



