ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 317 



of any genus of Hirudinea from any part of the world fall into two 

 groups, one of which has the genital apertures separated by one annulus, 

 the other being characterised "by the presence of two annuli between the 

 pores. The author thinks that the primitive stock from which the 

 Glossiphonid forms were derived was originally provided with a penial 

 structure, and that the genital apertures were separated by a number of 

 annuli, the pores being situated probably in successive somites. 



Nematohelminthes. 



Nematodes of the Eye.* — A. Railliet and A. Henry discusses the 

 genus Thelazia, established by Bosc in 1819 for a Nematode from the 

 eye of an ox. The parasite in question was afterwards called by Clurlt 

 Filaria lachrymalis, but the male has a large number of pre-anal papilla?, 

 the female has an anterior vulva (a short distance behind the end of 

 the oesophagus), the buccal capsule opens directly into the oesophagus 

 without a pharynx, and so on. The authors re-establish the genus 

 Thelazia, and point out that its affinities are with Ceratospira (Schneider) 

 and Oxyspirura (Drasche). They recognise five species : T. rhodesi 

 (Desmarest) the type ; T. lacrymalis Gurlt ; and three new ones, T. 

 gulosa, T. alfortensis, and T. leesei. 



Filarise in Ixodes.f — Vincenzo Baldasseroni reports an interesting 

 case of embryos of Filaria quadrispina (Diesing) occurring in the intestine 

 of Ixodes ricinus parasitic on the beech-marten (Mustela foina). There 

 were also many of the worms below the skin of the marten. 



Genus Onchocerca. £ — A. Railliet and A. Henry propose to re- 

 establish Diesing's genus Onchocerca for certain Filariidee with thick 

 cuticle found in the connective-tissue of Mammals. In addition to the 

 type species, 0. reticulata Diesing, the authors recognise 0. cervicalis 

 sp. n. in the ligamentum nucha? of the horse, 0. armillata Raill. and 

 Henry in the wall of the aorta in cattle, 0. fasciata sp. n. from a 

 dromedary, and 0. volvulus (Leuckart) from man. 



Structure of Gordius.§ — Jan Svabenik has made a minute study of 

 many species of Gordius. From a study of some young stages in 

 beetles and in an earwig he is convinced that the Gordiidse must live 

 several years in insects before they become sexual. A full account is 

 given of the nervous system, with its ventral cord, cerebral ganglion, 

 and anal ganglion. The cerebral ganglion of Gordiida? cannot be com- 

 pared with that of Annulates, for it develops late and probably by a 

 differentiation of the ventral cord. Of considerable interest is the 

 segmental evagination of the germinal epithelium in the females, for it 

 is a suggestion of Annulate segmentation. The presence of a primary 

 and a secondary body-cavity is also significant, and the author supports 

 Vejdovsky's view that the Gordiida? form an order (Nematomorpha) 

 between Nematohelminthes and Annulata. 



* C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxviii. (1910) pp. 213-16. 

 t Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital., xl. (1909) pp. 171-4. 

 % C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxviii. (1910) pp. 248-51. 

 § SB. k. Bohrn. Ges. Wiss., vii. (1909) pp. 1-64 (1 pi.). 



