ZOOLOOY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 321 



Each cavity is occupied by a zooid and its buds. There are no terminal 

 swellings on the lophophore arms. The sexes are separate, but occur on 

 one ccencecium. The head shield is very large, with little pigmentation. 

 There are numerous pairs of buds. The eggs are unstalked. The new 

 species belongs to the Idiothecia sub-genus. It is maintained inter alia 

 that, as Allman suggested in 1876, Graptolites are related to Ptero- 

 branchia. 



Echinoderma. 



New Starfishes.* — W.K.Fisher describes some new species of 

 Pteraster and Hymenaster from the North Pacific, and gives a synoptic 

 table of the species in the first genus. He also defines Thrissacan- 

 thias g.n. (an Astropectinid near Persephonaster Alcock), Gephyreaster g.n. 

 (near Mimaster Sladen), Sphseriodiscus g. n. (near Pentagonaster), and 

 Ht'terozomas g. n., a Solasterid. 



Echinoids and Asteroids from Mergui and Burma. f — R. N. Rud- 

 mose Brown reports on 15 species of Echinoids, including Asthenosoma 

 grubei A. Ag., Scdmacis globator (Bell), from the Mergui Archipelago and 

 Moskos Island, Lower Burma. He also reports 19 species of Asteroids, 

 three of which constitute new records for the Indian Ocean, namely, 

 Craspidaster hesperus (M. and T.) Sladen, a Pacific species, and Anthenea 

 flavescens (Gray) Perr., and Pentaceros granulosus Gray, both Australian 

 forms. 



Echinoids from Portuguese East Africa. % — R.N. Rudmose Brown 

 reports on a collection made by J. J. Simpson in the Kerimba Archi- 

 pelago, Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). The collection includes 

 twenty-one species, among them a number of Pacific forms, such as 

 Lovenia subcarinata and Brissopsis luzonica. 



Asteroids from Portuguese East Africa. § — J. J. Simpson and 

 R. N. Rudmose Brown report on fourteen species of Asteroids from the 

 Mozambique coast. They make some interesting notes on colour varia- 

 tion, e.g. in Pentaceros linchi de Blainville. In the stomach of this 

 species Simpson found Fierasf ers, and saw the fishes passing in and out. 



Reactions of Echinoderms.|| — E. Mangold has made many experi- 

 ments, especially on reactions to light and shade. He finds, for instance, 

 a strong shade-reflex in Arbacia pustulosa, marked by movements of 

 the spines. In Ophiuroids the light-sense has its seat in the whole 

 skin, but the stimulus travels by the radial nerve. In Ophioderma 

 the retreat of the animal is induced by illumining even the outer- 

 most two centimetres of one arm. In contrast to previous observers, 

 Mangold found that the excision of the ocelli in starfishes made no 

 difference to the light-reactions. In Asterina gibbosa and A. piancerii 

 there is sensitiveness to the intensity of the light, the animals avoiding 



* Ann. Nat. Hist., v. (1910) pp. 167-73. 

 t Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xviii. (1910) pp. 21-35. 

 j Tom. cit., pp. 36-44. § Tom. cit., pp. 45-60 (4 figs.). 



|| Zeitschr. Allgemein-Physiol., ix. (1909) 33 pp. See also Zool. Zentralbl., xvi. 

 (1909) pp. 770-2. 



June 15th, 1010 z 



