ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 325 



assimilate their neighbours. He discusses the maturation and fertilisa- 

 tion, the free-swimming amphiblastula stage, the process of invagination 

 (forming a cavity which does not seem to be continuous with the 

 subsequent gastral cavity), the fixation, and so forth. The difficulties in 

 interpreting the gastrulation are dealt with. 



Protozoa. 



Treatise on Protozoa.* — F. Doflein has expanded his book on 

 " Protozoa as Parasites " into a large treatise on Protozoa. He discusses 

 in the introductory portion the structure, functions, behaviour, repro- 

 duction, and relationships of the Protozoa, and then passes to a 

 systematic survey in which special attention is devoted to the pathogenic 

 forms, such as Trypanosomes and Spirochasts. 



Shaking Experiments with Protozoa.f — Max Morse has tried 

 whether Protozoa are like Protophytes in being killed or made quiescent 

 by prolonged shaking. He worked with Paramecium, Euglma, and 

 Stylonichia, and found that shaking for an hour had little effect, except 

 that Paramecium became somewhat less active. After horizontal 

 shaking for six hours Paramaiciwn and Euglena became sluggish. 

 Twenty-four hour periods gave decided results, the two species just 

 mentioned being either killed or rendered very sluggish. In all cases 

 a few individuals were nearly normal. Experiments with Stylonichia 

 showed no change. Shaking does not seem to affect the division rate 

 in Paramo3cium. The sluggishness is not due to lack of food nor to 

 tetanus. It is possibly due to destruction of enzymes. 



Parasitic and Commensal Marine Infusorians.^ — Emile Andre 

 describes Eurychilum actinias g. etsp. n., a holotrichous Ciliate in the 

 family Chilifera, from the cavity of Sagartia ; Orthochona anilocrse, 

 g. etsp. n., a peritrichous form from Anilocra (parasitic on Labridse) ; 

 Conchophthirm antedonis sp. n., in the food-canal of Comatula ; and has 

 notes on a number of other forms. 



Notes on Choanoflagellata.§ — J. S. Dunkerley makes some notes on 

 the division of Salpingeca vaginicola, which is very common at Plymouth, 

 and on Polyeca dichotoma, which does not seem to have been observed 

 since Saville Kent described it more than twenty years ago. The main 

 interest of this form lies in its faculty for colony formation, and in the 

 daughter-individual erecting its lorica on the mouth of the mother- 

 individual's lorica. 



Trichomonad with Four Anterior Flagella.|| — A. Alexeieff found 

 in the rectum of salamander, newt and obstetric frog a new species of 

 Trichomonas, which he names T. prowazeki, distinguished by having 

 four unequal flagella. 



•K 



Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde. Jena : 1909, 914 pp., 825 figs. 

 |- Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol, and Medicine, vii. (1910) pp. 58-60. 

 % Rev. Suisse Zool., xviii. (1910) pp. 173-87 (1 pi.). 

 § Ann. Nat. Hist., v. (1910) pp. 168-91 (2 pis. and 4 figs.). 

 || C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxvii. (1909) pp. 712-14. 



