268 the president's address. 



nitrogenous cellulose, which at first sight appears to be 

 an exclusive attribute of the vegetable, also occurs pretty 

 generally disseminated in the animal kingdom, as we learn from the 

 researches of C. Schmidt on Cynthia mamillaris, and those of 

 Kolliker and Lowig on a great number of the most various of lower 

 animals. Just as little does Chlorophyll appear to be exclusively 

 characteristic of the vegetable world, since the green granules and 

 vesicles, which occur imbedded in the parenchyma of Hydra 

 viridis, of various Turbellariw, and of Infusoria are probably closely 

 allied to Chlorophyll, if not identical with it. Erythrophyll also 

 might be said to occur in the lower animals, for instance, in 

 Leucophrys sanguinea and Astasia h&matodes, in which latter the 

 red colour frequently passes into green, as does the erythrophyll of 

 unicellular Algse." 



Nsegeli * was the first to point out that in many of the 

 unicellular Alga? red spots occurred which in all respects were 

 identical with the " red eye spots " of certain of Ehrenberg's 

 Infusoria. These spots occur, not only in Polyedrium, but also in 

 Eudorina, Chlamidomonas , and other Volrocinea, as well as in the 

 swarm spores of Hormiscia, or Ulothrix, and some other genera. 

 Siebold says, " How strikingly the swarm spores, both of unicellular 

 and of multicellular Algee resemble certain Monadina and 

 Cryptomonadina is well seen in the representations of various 

 spores of this kind, given by Unger, Thuret, Solier, and Na?geli."t 

 His remarks conclude with this significant paragraph. " From 

 this report on the more recent labours of botanists in the field of the 

 lower vegetable world it may be seen how important and in- 

 dispensable the study of this branch of botanical knowledge must be 

 for those who would successfully apply themselves to researches 

 connected with the lower animal kingdom." 



* Naegeli, " Gatttmgen einzelliger Algen," 1849. 



t " It is well known that Unger discovered that the motion of the spores 

 in Vaucheria clavata was effected by a general ciliary investiture, a 

 discovery which was confirmed by Thuret. The same observer noticed a 

 circlet of cilia in the swarm spores of (Edogoinum, as did Solier in Bryopsis. 

 According to Thuret, the zoospores of Cladophora glomerata swim about 

 with the aid of two lash-like cilia, and those of Chcetophora elcgans, on the 

 other hand, with four. Naegeli figures the zoospores of Apiocystis, Tetvaspora, 

 and Oharctcium with two such cilia. Fresenius detected in the biciliated 

 zoospores of Chcetophora elegans, also the (so-termed) red " eye-spot." 

 According to the researches of Brann, a formation of spores occurs in 

 Hydrodictyon, in consequence of which zoospores, with four long cilia and a 

 red granule in the' interior, swim about with great activity." — Siebold, 

 loc. cit. 



