D. J. SCOURFIELD ON FRESH- WATER BIOLOGICAL STATIONS. 133 



somewhat limited. The former, as already stated, is to be much 

 enlarged, and converted into a State institution for fishery 

 matters. 



It is impossible to refer in detail to the other Continental 

 fresh-water stations, but it may be mentioned that such stations, 

 usually of a very unpretentious nature, exist in many different 

 countries. For example, in Denmark there is the little station on 

 the Fureso, opened in 1900, which is connected with the university 

 of Copenhagen, and where Dr. \-Yesenberg-Lund has carried out 

 some most excellent investigations, as may be seen from his fine 

 Studi&r over de Danshe Soers Plankton, and other publications. 

 In France there is a station at Besse in the Auvergne, in Sweden 

 at Finspong, in Finland at Ewois, and in Russia at Bologoje, 

 Xicolokoje, Glubokoje, and Saratow. Although there is no formal 

 station in Switzerland, several of the laboratories connected with 

 the universities and high schools, situated as they are in clo.^e 

 proximity to the lakes, are really to be regarded as fresh-water 

 biological stations. 



In the United States a number of fresh-water stations were 

 established, usually in connection with universities, from 1893 to 

 1899, and most of these are still in existence. One of the earliest, 

 and at the present time probably the best known, is the Illinois 

 Biological Station at Havana, on the Illinois River. It was 

 started in 1894 by Prof. S. A. Forbes, and is peculiar in that it 

 consists of a large floating laboratory, accompanied by a steam 

 launch and other smaller boats. Some very valuable investi- 

 gations have been carried out, and several important methods of 

 work devised at this station, such as the employment of a pump 

 for the collection and a centrifuge for the deposition of plankton 

 material. 



The Indiana Station was at first established on Turkey Lake 

 in 1895, but was removed subsequently to Winona Lake. Prof. 

 Eigenmann and his pupils have carried out some good work at 

 this station, making a special feature of the study of the variation 

 of aquatic organisms. 



In Ohio there is a station at Sandusky on Lake Erie, which 

 was founded by the late Prof. Kellicott in 1896, and is now 

 under the charge of Prof. H. Osborn. The United States Fish 

 Commission has also maintained a biological laboratory in the 

 same state, at Put-in- Bay on Lake Erie, since 1898. 



