ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 309 



genus Cyatliocotyle Miihl (C. fraterna), a new genus allied to Ecliino- 

 ftovnim (Sleplianoprora orimta g. et sp. n., also Ech. ambonatum sp. n., two 

 new species of Acanthochasmus, Oistosomum caduceus g. et sp. n.. apparently 

 nearest to Slypldodora, Neplirocephalus g. et sp. n., apparently nearest to 

 Clinostomum. He also describes Telorcliis solivagus sp. n. from Clemmys 

 caspica, Cotylotretus rugosus g. et sp. n. from Coluber (Spilotcs) pullatus. 

 A discussion of some of tho much debated questions concerning the 

 classification of Trematoda concludes the paper. 



Zygeupolia litoralis, a new Heteronemertean.* — Dr. Caroline B. 

 Thompson gives a full account of this new form from "Wood's Holl. Its 

 habitat, habits, and parasites arc discussed, but the bulk of the paper is 

 anatomical. It is a primitive form, having affinities with both Proto- 

 and Heteronemerteans. The j>osition of the lateral nerves, outside the 

 circular muscle-layer ; the presence of the cutis and outer longitudinal 

 muscle-layer; the situation of the mouth behind the brain ; the absence 

 of stilets in the proboscis, and of a blind intestine, are among the many 

 characters which entitle Zygeupolia to a place among Heteronemerteans. 

 The affinities with the Protonemerteans — and certain Heteronemerteans 

 • — are in the absence of lateral slits, in the presence of an inner circular 

 muscle-layer, and of crosses between this layer and the outer circular, 

 and in the lateral grooves, of sense-organs. In fact, it connects the 

 Heteronemertea more closely with the Protonemerteans. In general 

 structure Zygeupolia has some affinities with Eupoliidaa, but comes 

 nearest to the Micruran LineidaB, e.g. Micrura eseca, which is hardly dis- 

 tinguishable from it externally except by the presence of lateral slits. 



The general view of the authoress as to the relationships of the 

 different orders of Nemerteans is, that "the Heteronemerteans are very 

 closely related to the Protonemerteans, the Lineidre being connected by 

 forms like Zygeupolia, the Eupoliida?, and Hubrechtia, 'and that the 

 Metanemerteans and the Mesonemertean Ceplialothrix arc widely diver- 

 gent forms." 



Notes on Carinoma armandi.j: — D. Bergendal confirms his pre- 

 vious conclusion, that this is a I'alavonemertine, with very slight diver- 

 gence in the direction of Metanemertines, and with so little resemblance 

 to Ceplialothrix that it seems impossible to have them in the same family. 

 He describes in particular the remarkable peculiarities in the muscula- 

 ture of the anterior region. 



Incertse Sedis. 



Central Nervous System of Sipunculus nudus L. + — H. von Mack 

 has added precision to our knowledge of tlie minute structure of the 

 ventral nerve-strand of this worm, — a difficult subject for modern neuro- 

 histological methods. Special attention is given to the terminal swel- 

 ling (Leydig's tail-ganglion), the envelope or peridym of the cord with 

 its three layers, the fibres of the cord and the supporting glia, and the 

 autochthonous pigment which seems to be deposited — apart from any 



* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1901, pp. 657-739 (5 pis. and 7 figs.). 



t Ofversigt k. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl.. lix. (1902) pp. 13-8. 



X Arb. Zool. Inst. Wieu, xiii. (1902; pp. 237-334 (5 pis. and 17 figs.). 



